Earth Science, Tarbuck C. 1-2

Question 1

What are the two main parts of Earth’s surface? What percentages of the surface of earth do they make up?

Answer 1

70% Ocean Basin, 30% Continents

Question 2

What is the Continental Margin

Answer 2

Portion of Seafloor adjacent to major landmasses, consists of Continental Shelf, Continental Slope, and Continental rise.

Question 3

What is continental shelf

Answer 3

gently sloping platform extending seaward from the shore.

Question 4

What is Continental Slope

Answer 4

Relatively Steep drop-off that extends from outer edge of Continental Shelf

Question 5

What is Continental Rise

Answer 5

Gently Sloping platform that is merged with the continental slope

Question 6

What is Deep-Ocean basin

Answer 6

Area between Continental Margin and Mid-Ocean ridges representing the deepest part of the ocean floor.

Question 7

What is Abyssal Plain

Answer 7

Incredibly flat areas of ocean floor, part of the Deep-Ocean basin.

Question 8

Where are the youngest mountain belts formed

Answer 8

Circum-Pacific Belt / Ring of fire

Question 9

What is a Craton

Answer 9

Interior of Continent

Question 10

Define Mineral

Answer 10

any naturally occurring inorganic solid that possesses an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition that allows for some variation

Question 11

Define Rock

Answer 11

any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally

Question 12

All silicates have the same fundamental building block, known as

Answer 12

Silicon-Oxygen tetrahedron

Question 13

What is the Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron made of

Answer 13

4 Oxygen ions that are covalently bonded to a silicon ion.

Question 14

How are Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron Chained together

Answer 14

Sharing of Oxygen atoms

Question 15

How are the chains of Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedra linked together

Answer 15

Other elements join silicate structures.

Question 16

What is the most common mineral in the continental crust and what percent of the continental crust is that mineral

Answer 16

Feldspar, 51 Percent

Question 17

What is the only common mineral made completely of silicon and oxygen

Answer 17

Quartz

Question 18

How do silicate minerals form

Answer 18

Crystalizes from molten rocks it cools

Question 19

How many different feldspar structures exist and what are their names?

Answer 19

2, Potassium Feldspar and Plagioclase Feldspar

Question 20

Physical Properties of Feldspar

Answer 20

Two planes of cleavage meeting at 90 degree angles, 6 on mohs scale, glassy or pearly luster

Question 21

Describe Olivine group

Answer 21

no cleavage and single oxygen-silicon tetrahedra.

Question 22

Describe Pyroxene group

Answer 22

Cleavage at two planes at 90 degrees and single chains

Question 23

Describe Amphibole Group

Answer 23

Cleavage at Two planes at 60 and 120 degrees, double chains

Question 24

Describe Micas Group

Answer 24

One plane of cleavage, sheets of tetrahedra

Question 25

Describe Feldspar group

Answer 25

Two planes of cleavage at 90 degrees, three-dimensional networks of tetrahedra

Question 26

Describe Quartz

Answer 26

No cleavage, three-dimensional networks of tetrahedra

Question 27

What group of silicate mineral is Muscovite a part of

Answer 27

Mica

Question 28

Define clay

Answer 28

category of complex minerals originating from chemical breakdown of other silicate minerals.

Question 29

Describe Olivine

Answer 29

dark silicate mineral with small rounded crystals due to high-temperature cooling.

Question 30

Where is olivine commonly found in the crust

Answer 30

Oceanic crust and volcanic areas on continental crust.

Question 31

What mineral in the pyroxene group is most commonly found

Answer 31

Augite

Question 32

What mineral in the Amphibole group is most commonly found

Answer 32

Hornblende

Question 33

What group of minerals is Biotite a part of

Answer 33

Mica

Question 34

Where is Garnet most Commonly found

Answer 34

Metamorphic rocks

Question 35

Common Nonsilicate Mineral groups

Answer 35

Carbonates, Halides, Oxides, Sulfides, Sulfates, Native(or single elements)

Question 36

Carbonate minerals

Answer 36

Calcite, Dolomite

Question 37

Halides minerals

Answer 37

Halite, Fluorite, Sylvite

Question 38

Oxides minerals

Answer 38

Hematite, Magnetite, Corundum, Ice

Question 39

Sulfies Minerals

Answer 39

Galena, Sphalerite, Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Cinnabar

Question 40

Sulfates minerals

Answer 40

Gypsum, Anhydrite, Barite

Question 41

Native minerals

Answer 41

Gold, Copper, Diamond, Graphite, Sulfur, Silver

Question 42

What minerals are used to create Portland Cement

Answer 42

Calcite, Dolomite

Question 43

Common Salt

Answer 43

Halite

Question 44

Used in Steel-Making

Answer 44

Fluorite

Question 45

Fertilizer

Answer 45

Sylvite

Question 46

Ore of Iron

Answer 46

Hematite, Magnetite

Question 47

Gemstone

Answer 47

Corundum, Diamond

Question 48

Ore of lead

Answer 48

Galena

Question 49

Ore of Zinc

Answer 49

Sphalerite

Question 50

Sulfuric acid production

Answer 50

Pyrite

Question 51

Ore of Copper

Answer 51

Chalcopyrite

Question 52

Ore of Mercury

Answer 52

Cinnabar

Question 53

Plaster

Answer 53

Gypsum, Anhydrite

Question 54

Drilling mud

Answer 54

Barite

Question 55

Jewelry

Answer 55

Gold, Silver

Question 56

Pencil lead

Answer 56

Graphite

Question 57

Electrical Conductor

Answer 57

Copper

Question 58

Sulfa drugs, Chemicals

Answer 58

Sulfur

Question 59

Define ore Deposit

Answer 59

Naturally Occurring concentration of one or more metallic minerals