Earth Science, Tarbuck Chap 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which hemisphere has more water

A

Southern Hemisphere

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2
Q

What are the four ocean basins the World Ocean is divided into

A

Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of continental margins

A

Passive and Active

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4
Q

What are passive continental margins

A

geologically inactive
regions located a great distance from the closest plate
boundary. As a result, they are not associated with strong
earthquakes or volcanic activity.

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5
Q

Most of Sediment delivered to the seafloor are delivered how

A

Turbidity Currents

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6
Q

What are turbidity currents

A

downslope movements of dense, sediment-laden water.

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7
Q

What are Turbidit

A

Sediment deposits caused by turbidity currents, where coarse sediments settle first and fine sediments settle last. These deposits cause graded bedding

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8
Q

What is graded bedding

A

Bedding where you can see a change between sediment size

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9
Q

What is the deepest known part of the world ocean

A

Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench

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10
Q

What are guyots

A

Submerged Flat-topped seamounts that have been moved away from their magma source(like a hotspot or a mid-ocean ridge) by plate tectonics

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11
Q

What are the 3 broad categories of seafloor sediment

A

Terrigenous, Biogenous, Hydrogeneous

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12
Q

What are Terrigenous seafloor sediment

A

consists primarily of mineral grains that were weathered from continental rocks and transported to the ocean

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13
Q

Where do large Terrigenous sediment deposit

A

near the shore

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14
Q

Where do small Terrigenous sediment deposit

A

Small terrigenous sediment deposit very slowly, meaning ocean currents typically move them far away before they are deposit

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15
Q

What are Biogenous seafloor sediment

A

Sediment composed mostly of microscopic shells and skeletons of marine animals and algae

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16
Q

What is Calcareous Ooze

A

Most common type of biogenous deposit produced from the shells of organisms that inhabit warm surface waters.

17
Q

What is Calcareous Ooze made up of

A

CaCO3

18
Q

deeper cold seawater is richer in ______________

A

Carbon Dioxide

19
Q

What restricts Calcareous Ooze from forming

A

calcareous hard parts slowly
sink through a cool layer of water; when they reach a certain depth, they begin to dissolve due to higher levels of Carbon Dioxide in deep cold seawater

20
Q

At what depth do Calcareous shells fully dissolve before reaching the seafloor

A

depths of 4500 meters(15,000 feet)

21
Q

What are Hydrogenous Seafloor Sediment

A

minerals that crystallize directly from seawater
through various chemical reactions.