Epilepsy

Question 1

Enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures:

Answer 1

Epilepsy

Question 2

Prolactin elevated 3-4x:

Answer 2

Generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Question 3

Imaging studies:

Answer 3

CT, MRI and EEG —> Video-EEG monitoring

Question 4

The standard test for classifying the type of seizure or to diag pseudoseizures:

Answer 4

Video-EEG monitoring

Question 5

Hyperventilation, Photic stimulation, Sleep deprivation, Alcohol,:

Answer 5

Seizure precipitants

Question 6

Valproic acid, Topiramate, Gabapentin and Lamotrigine:

Answer 6

Multiple mechanisms of action

Question 7

Carbamazepine, Phenytoin and Ethosuximide:

Answer 7

Only one mechanism of action

Question 8

Nonpharmocologic therapy:

Answer 8

Ketogenic diet and Vagal nerve stimulation

Question 9

Palliative surgical therapy:

Answer 9

Vagal nerve stimulator

Question 10

Possible curative surgeries:

Answer 10

Lobectomy and Lesionectomy

Question 11

Stroke, Infection, Trauma, Hypoglycemia, Metabolic insult, Neoplasia, Drug use, Genetic predisposition and Congenital malformation:

Answer 11

Causes

Question 12

Diagnostic criteria:

Answer 12

At least 2 unprovoked seizures

Question 13

Prevalence of active epilepsy:

Answer 13

0,8%

Question 14

Mechanisms that may cause focal seizures:

Answer 14

Increased activation, Decreased inhibition and Defective activation of GABA neurons

Question 15

Leading causes in children:

Answer 15

Infection, Trauma, Inherited synd. and Congenital malformation

Question 16

Most common cause in young adults:

Answer 16

Head trauma

Question 17

Most common cause in the eldery:

Answer 17

Stroke, Trauma and Tumor

Question 18

Hypoglycemia, Acidosis,

Answer 18

Metabolic causes

Question 19

Dermatologic abnormalities suggests:

Answer 19

Sturge-Weber synd or Tuberous sclerosis

Question 20

Classification:

Answer 20

Generalized and Focal

Question 21

Subtypes of Generalized Seizures:

Answer 21

Absence, Atonic, Tonic, Clonic, Tonic-clonic and Myoclonic

Question 22

Subtypes of Focal Seizure:

Answer 22

Simple, Complex and Secondary generalized

Question 23

Brief episodes of impaired consciusness with no aura or postictal confusion:

Answer 23

Absence seizures

Question 24

Absence seizure duration:

Answer 24

Typically less than 20s

Question 25

Petit mal:

Answer 25

Absence seizure

Question 26

Grand mal:

Answer 26

Tonic-clonic seizure

Question 27

Generalized seizure originated from a Focal seizure:

Answer 27

Sencondary Generalized seizure

Question 28

Exam required for all new-onset seizure in patients +30y:

Answer 28

cranial CT

Question 29

Lab studies:

Answer 29

Electrolytes,

Question 30

Low Na, Ca and Mg:

Answer 30

Electrolytes imbalance causes

Question 31

Syncope, Migraine, Stroke, Febrile seizure and Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure:

Answer 31

DDx

Question 32

Drug of choice for absence seizures:

Answer 32

Ethosuximide

Question 33

Drug of choice for generalized seizure:

Answer 33

Valproate

Question 34

Drugs that have the broadest spectrum of action:

Answer 34

Topiramate and Lamotrigine

Question 35

Continuous video-EEG:

Answer 35

5-7d of monitoring

Question 36

3Hz spike and wave pattern:

Answer 36

Absence seizure

Question 37

Anticonvulsivant for pregnant:

Answer 37

Carbamazepine or Levetiracetam