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Legal Settings > El Lenguaje en los procesos penales > Flashcards

El Lenguaje en los procesos penales Flashcards

1
Q

Criminal/penal law

A

Derecho penal

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2
Q

Crime and offenses

A

Delitos

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3
Q

Punishments/penalties

A

Penas/penalidades

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4
Q

Criminal law prescribes the punishments to be imposed

A

La ley penal establece las penas que deben ser impuestas

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5
Q

Criminal procedure

A

Procedimiento Penal

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6
Q

Enforce

A

Ejecutar

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7
Q

Apprehend/arrest

A

Detener

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8
Q

Suspected offenders

A

Delincuentes sospechosos

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9
Q

To charge with

A

Para acusarles de…

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10
Q

To try

A

Juzgar

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11
Q

Upon conviction

A

Si son condenados

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12
Q

Modes of appeal

A

Métodos de apelación

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13
Q

To challenge

A

Cuestionar

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14
Q

American legal system

A

Ordenamiento jurídico norteamericano

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15
Q

Death penalty

A

Pena de muerte

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16
Q

Electric chair

A

Silla eléctrica

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17
Q

Gas chamber

A

Cámara de gas

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18
Q

Hanging

A

La horca/ahorcamiento

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19
Q

Lethal inyection

A

Inyección letal

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20
Q

Shooting

A

Fusilamiento

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21
Q

The commission of an act enjoined by the law

A

Comisión de un acto prohibido por la ley

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22
Q

Omission of duty commanded by law

A

Omisión de un deber ordenado por la ley

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23
Q

Upon trial and conviction

A

Tras ser juzgado y condenado

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24
Q

Offense (as infraction or a breach of law, i.e. traffic offense)

A

Infracción (infracción de tráfico)

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25
Q

Offense (in moral context: i.e an offense against decency)

A

Ofensa/afrenta/insulto/atentado

Ej: un atentado contra la moral

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26
Q

Misdemeanors

A

Delitos menores o faltas

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27
Q

Delincuentes

A

Offender

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28
Q

Misdemeanors are punishable by:
Fine
Confinement in jails (up to 1 year)

A

Delitos menores se castigan con:
Multa
Pena de privación de libertad en cárceles (hasta un año)

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29
Q

Felonies

A

Delitos graves

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30
Q

Felonies are punishable by:
Sentences for more than a year in penitentiaries
Death penalty

A

Los delitos graves se sancionan con:
Penas en centros penitenciarios
Pena de muerte/capital

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31
Q

Murder: intentional killing, knowingly or recklessly

A

Asesinato: intencionalmente, a sabiendas y temerariamente

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32
Q

First degree murder: poisoning, lying in wait of the victim, arson, rape or while committing robbery

A

asesinato en el primer grado: envenenamiento, al estar al asecho de la víctima, incendio provocado, violación, o mediante la comisión de un robo.

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33
Q

White collar offenses

A

Delitos de cuello blanco / o guante blanco

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34
Q

Mitigating circumstances
To reduce the degree of culpability and diminish punishment.
I.e. sudden heat of passion

A

Circunstancias atenuantes

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35
Q

Aggravating circumstances. Increase the degree of blameworthiness.
I.e brutality
Cruelty
Enormity

A

Circunstancias agravantes. Aumentan el grado de reprochabilidad.
Ej. Brutalidad
Crueldad
Abyección

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36
Q 
Defenses. Exempt the defendant and provide good grounds for acquittal.
I.e. infancy/minority 
Involuntary intoxication
Necessity
Insanity 
Self defense
Duress
Consent of victim
Entrapment
A 
Eximentes (de culpabilidad)
Eximen al acusado y proveen buenas bases para q se dicte la absolución.
Ej: minoría de edad
Intoxicación involuntaria
Estado de necesidad
Alteración psíquica 
Defensa propia 
Miedo insuperable
Consentimiento de la víctima
Inducción al delito
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37
Q

Manslaughter

A

Homicidio sin premeditación/culposo

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38
Q

Constitucional defenses
I.e. vagueness of the statue
Violation of fundamental rights
Ex post facto laws

A

Eximentes constitucionales
Ej: imprecisión de la ley
Incumplimiento de derechos fundamentales
Aplicación de leyes retroactivas

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39
Q 
3 stages for criminal cases:
Police investigation
Prosecution
The trial
\+ Post-conviction stage
A 
3 etapas del procedimiento penal
Investigación policial
Procesamiento
Juicio
\+fase posterior a la condena
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40
Q

Booking

A

Ficha policial

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41
Q

Placed in custody or under restrain

A

Puesto bajo custodia policial

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42
Q

Warrant of arrest

A

Orden de detención/arresto

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43
Q

At the behest of a complainant

A

A instancias de un denunciante

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44
Q 
On probation
(Remisión condicional de la pena) a type of sentence where the defendant is released contingent upon good behavior
A

Bajo libertad condicional

Remisión condicional de la pena, el acusado es liberado a condición de que guarde buen comportamiento

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45
Q

On parole

A

Bajo libertad condicional vigilada

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46
Q

Law enforcement officers

A

Oficiales de la ley

Oficiales de orden público

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47
Q

Custodial interrogation

Police examination

A

Interrogatorio policial

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48
Q

Appointed counsel

A

Abogado asignado por el Tribunal

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49
Q

questioning/examination

A

Durante el interrogatorio

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50
Q

Miranda warning/rights

A

Advertencia de Miranda
Derechos Miranda
Derechos constitucionales

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51
Q

Police lineup

A

Rueda policial de reconocimiento de sospechosos

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52
Q

Legal aid

A

Asistencia legal

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53
Q

Due process of law

A

Debido proceso legal

Debidas garantías procesales

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54
Q

Compulsory self-incrimination

A

Auto incriminación forzada

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55
Q

Preliminary appearance- preliminary hearing- where magistrate ascertains if there’s is probable cause

A

Comparecencia preliminar-audiencia preliminar donde se determina si hay razones fundadas

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56
Q

Screening

A

Filtro

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57
Q

Summons

A

Convocatoria judicial

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58
Q

Arraignment

A

Lectura de cargos

Presentación del imputado

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59
Q

Indictment

A

Acusación formal

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60
Q

In between arraignment and indictment defendant is remanded in custody

A

Entre la lectura de cargos y la acusación formal el acusado permanece en custodia preventiva

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61
Q

Pre-trial release
On bail
Release on his own recognizance

A

Libertad provisional
Bajo fianza
Libertad bajo palabra

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62
Q

Subsequent proceedings

A

Fases o actuaciones siguientes

63
Q

Return

A

Dictar

Emitir

64
Q

Bill of indictment

A

Solicitud de procesamiento

Acusación formal

65
Q

True bill

A

Procésese al imputado

66
Q

No bill

A

No ha lugar el porcesamiento

67
Q

Dismiss the case

A

Se sobresee e procesamiento

68
Q

Pass sentence upon conviction

A

Dictar sentencia tras la condena

69
Q

Second prosecution.

Double jeopardy

A

Segundo procesamiento

Prohibición constitucional de ser juzgado dos veces por el mismo hecho delictivo

70
Q

Information: charging document provided by the DA in States where there aren’t indictments.

A

Documento acusatorio informativo. Lo emite el Fiscal en los estados donde no hacen indictments

71
Q

Grand jury

A

Jurado indagatorio

72
Q

Pass sentence

A

Emitir la sentencia

Fijar la pena

73
Q

Right to a speedy and public trial

A

Derecho a un juicio público y sin dilaciones

74
Q

Right to know the witnesses and cross-examine them

A

Derecho a saber quienes son los testigos y a contra interrogarlos.
También.. derecho a carearse con los testigos de cargo

75
Q

Plea bargain

A

Sentencia acordada

Convenio declaratorio

76
Q

Some jurors are sequestered for the duration of the trial, to prevent tampering

A

Algunos jurados son aislados por la duración del juicio, para evitar que sean manipulados

77
Q

Prospective jurors

A

Candidatos para ser jurado

78
Q

Free of bias or prejudice

A

Libre de parcialidades o prejuicios

79
Q

Challenges while jury selection

A

Recusaciones

80
Q

Challenge for cause

A

Recusaciones justificadas

81
Q

Peremptory challenge

A

Recusaciones sin causa: cada parte tiene max 3

82
Q

The jury is impaneled

A

Se constituye el jurado

83
Q

They are sworn in

A

Se les hace prestar juramento

84
Q

Raps for order

A

Llamar al orden golpeando el mazo o gravel

85
Q 
Trial has 4 stages: 
Opening statement to the jury
Presentation of the evidence 
Closing statements 
Charge to jury
A 
El juicio tiene 4 etapas:
Declaraciones de apertura para el jurado
Presentación de las pruebas
Declaraciones de cierre
Instrucciones al jurado
86
Q

Expert evidence

A

Prueba pericial

87
Q

Hearsay

A

Testimonio referencial

Prueba de oídas

88
Q

Perjury

A

Falso testimonio

89
Q

Direct examination
Cross-examination
Re-examination

A

Interrogatorio directo
Contra interrogatorio
Segundo interrogatorio directo

90
Q

Produce a witness

A

Convocar al testigo

91
Q

..rests its case

A

Terminar la argumentación

92
Q

Rebuttal witnesses

A

Testigos de refutación

93
Q

Summation (for the jury) summarizing the evidence

A

Recapitulación resumiendo las puebas

94
Q

Reply in rebuttal

A

Respuesta de refutación

95
Q

Hung jury / deadlocked jury

A

Jurado en desacuerdo

Jurado sin veredicto

96
Q

Wiretapping

A

Escuchar llamadas telf sin autorización

97
Q

Joinder of charges

A

Acumulación de cargos

98
Q

Sentencing date

A

Fecha para dictar la sentencia

99
Q

… is advised of his right to appeal

A

… se le notifica de su derecho de apelar/recurrir

100
Q

The convicted defendant

A

El condenado

101
Q

Post- veredict motions

A

Escritos posteriores al veredicto

102
Q

Poll the jury

A

Escrutar los votos del jurado

103
Q

Directed veredict

A

Veredicto por instrucción judicial

104
Q

A more lenient sentence

A

Una sentencia más leve

105
Q

Probation officers

A

Funcionarios de libertad vigilada

Funcionarios de la junta de tratamiento

106
Q

Life term

A

Cadena perpetua

107
Q

Faulty procedure

A

Fallos de procedimiento

108
Q

Writ of certiorari

A

Auto de avocación

109
Q

Gross misdemeanors

A

Delitos menores

110
Q

Petty misdemeanors

A

Faltas

111
Q

The People

A

El Ministerio Público/La Fiscalía

112
Q

Took no position

A

No se pronunció

113
Q

Having considered the memoranda filed on this issue

A

Vistos los informes presentados sobre esta cuestión

114
Q

Denies the application

A

Desestima la solicitud

115
Q

Denial of the application

A

Desestimación de la solicitud

116
Q

Assure the orderly conduct of the proceedings

A

Garantiza el normal desarrollo del procedimiento

117
Q

Prejudicing

A

Ir en detrimento de

Resultar perjudicial

118
Q

Substantially increase the risk

A

Aumentar notablemente el peligro

119
Q

Potential jurors

A

Personas susceptibles de formar parte del jurado

120
Q

Criminal complaint

A

Denuncia penal

121
Q

Immeasurably increases

A

Aumenta de forma incalculable

122
Q

The undersigned complainant

A

El denunciante que suscribe

123
Q

Being duly sworn

A

Tras prestar juramento

124
Q

To the best of my knowledge and belief

A

Según mi leal saber y entender

125
Q

In violation of

A

Infringiendo con

Incumpliendo con

126
Q

Expired

A

Caducado

127
Q

The defendant was not admitted

A

Al acusado no se le permitió la entrada

128
Q

There are no basis

A

No existe fundamento jurídico

129
Q

Warning rights

A

Aviso de derechos

130
Q

Probable cause

A

Razones fundadas

131
Q

A tight and solid case

A

Una base jurídica a prueba de bomba

132
Q

Go crashing in

A

Entrar por las bravas

133
Q

Valid reasons to be excused

A

Motivos válidos para ser dispensados

134
Q

Plead their cases

A

Exponer sus circunstancias

135
Q

Sequestered

A

Quedar aislado (jury context)

136
Q

Grave hardship

A

Dificultad grave

137
Q

Seriousness

A

Gravedad

138
Q

Criminal record

A

Antecedentes penales

139
Q

To be convicted

A

Ser condenado

140
Q

To be prosecuted

A

Ser enjuiciado

141
Q

Assault

A

Aversión

142
Q

Speculative question

A

Pregunta especulativa

143
Q

Calls for speculation

A

Fomenta la especulación

144
Q

Exceptions to the hearsay rule: statements in articulo mortis (dying declaration)

A

Excepciones a la regla del testimonio de oídas: las declaraciones in articulo mortis

145
Q

Waive his rights

A

Renunciar a sus derechos

146
Q

Assault with battery

A

Agresión con violencia física

147
Q

Piratería de videos

A

Movie piracy

148
Q

Distribution chains

A

Cadenas de distribución

149
Q

Petty rackets

A

Delincuencia callejera

150
Q

To drop charges

A

Retirar los cargos

151
Q

A record of a felony charge

A

Antecedente de acusación por delito grave

152
Q

Sine qua non

A

Fundamental/ imprescindible

153
Q

For successful prosecution

A

Para que la acusación llegue a buen término

154
Q

Corpse mutilation

A

Mutilación de cadáveres

Legal Settings (32 decks)

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