DUMS MSK ortho

Question 1

Which bone cancer has a 1% chance of malignant transformation

Answer 1

Osteochondroma

Question 2

What is an enchondroma usually caused by

Answer 2

Failure of normal enchondral ossification at the growth plate

Question 3

Which bone cancer can be described as a small nidus of immature bone surrounded by an intense sclerotic halo

Answer 3

Osteoid Osteoma

Question 4

When is pain worst with an osteoid osteoma and how is this relieved

Answer 4

At night; mediated by prostaglandin release

NSAIDs

Question 5

What chest deformity can be present in a patient with Marfan’s syndrome

Answer 5

Pectus Excavatum

Question 6

What eye problems can be present in a patient with Marfan’s syndrome

Answer 6

Lens dislocation

Retinal detachment

Question 7

What is the mode of inheritance for muscular dystrophies

Answer 7

X-Linked

Question 8

What procedures can be done to check for DDH

Answer 8

Ortolani & Barlow procedures

Question 9

What radiological investigation can be done to check for DDH

Answer 9

Ultrasound

Question 10

What condition is the Pavlik harness used for

Answer 10

DDH

Question 11

What is the commonest cause of juvenile hip pain and is it more common in boys or girls

Answer 11

Transient Synovitis

More common in boys

Question 12

How is transient synovitis treated

Answer 12

Rest & NSAIDs

Question 13

What is Perthes disease

Answer 13

Idiopathic Osteochondritis of the femoral head

Question 14

What is the pathology of impingement syndrome

Answer 14

The tendons of the rotator cuff are compressed in the tight subacromial space during movement -> producing pain

Question 15

How is impingement syndrome treated

Answer 15

Subacromial decompression

Question 16

Which test is positive in lateral epicondylitis

Answer 16

Mill’s test

Question 17

What is the pathology of trigger finger

Answer 17

Nodular enlargement of a flexor tendon to a digit

Movement of finger creates a clicking sensation - catching of A1 pulley

Question 18

What movement are the dorsal interossei of the digits responsible for

Answer 18

DAB

Dorsal - Abduction

Question 19

What movement are the palmar interossei of the digits responsible for

Answer 19

PAD

Palmar - Adduction

Question 20

Which movements does the ACL resist

Answer 20

Internal tibial rotation

Anterior translation of the tibia

Question 21

Which movements does the PCL resist

Answer 21

Hyperextension

Posterior translation of the tibia

Question 22

Which collateral ligament is less forgiving & stable and will most likely require reconstruction

Answer 22

LCL

Question 23

Which collateral ligament is stronger and which one is more commonly injured

Answer 23

MCL is stronger but also usually resists greater force and so is more commonly injured than the LCL

Question 24

Which surgical procedure can be offered to a patient with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation

Answer 24

Bankart repair

Question 25

Which nerve and artery at risk from a humeral shaft fracture

Answer 25

Radial nerve

Brachial artery

Question 26

Dinner fork deformity on X ray =

Answer 26

Colles Fracture

Question 27

If someone presents with pain + an externally rotated, shortened leg, what should you suspect

Answer 27

Hip fracture

Question 28

Why is ultrasound is used to diagnose DDH rather than X-ray

Answer 28

Paediatric bones haven’t ossified so don’t show up on X-ray