CAP test Flashcards
A child with a non-blanching rash, headache, neck stiffness and a high blood pressure, what should you suspect
Meningitis –> septic shock
High BP due to hyperdynamic condition
What kind of lens is needed to correct myopic vision and why
A concave lens
Because the light is focussed in front of the retina
At what age is congenital deafness typically recognised
2 Years
Before the age of 2 years, what is the commonest cause of congenital deafness
Congenital Cytomegalovirus in early pregnancy
What hormone triggers ovulation
LH surge
What can cause gradual vision loss in a patient with diabetes
Retinopathy
Cataract
What can cause sudden vision loss in a patient with diabetes
Retinal haemorrhage
What antibiotics can you give for persistent/severe sinusitis + 2nd line
Penicillin V
Doxycycline
What antibiotics can you give for a sore throat + 2nd line
Penicillin V
Clarithromycin
What antibiotic can you give for epiglottitis + if allergic
Ceftriaxone
Chloramphenicol
Which antibody is highly diagnostic for SLE
Anti-dsDNA
What supplies energy for the first 4 seconds, until 15 seconds, until 4 mins, until 77mins and over 4 days
ATP --> 4 seconds Phosphocreatinine --> 15 seconds Free glucose --> 4 mins Glycogen stores --> 77mins Fat stores --> 4+ days
What are the possible causes of bile coloured, non-projectile vomit and what is the investigation
Malrotation or Volvulus
Abdominal X-ray
What are the possible causes of projectile vomit from a hungry child and what is the investigation
Pyloric stenosis
Abdominal ultrasound will show a thickened pylorus
What is the mandatory first step for a high energy open fracture
Debridement
What is the management of a low impact, undisplaced distal radius fracture
Cast immobilisation for 5 weeks
How can you differentiate between dermatitis herpetiformis and linear IgA disease
Dermatitis Herpetiformis will show granular IgA at the dermal papillae
Linear IgA will show linear IgA in the basement membrane
What is a diagnostic blood test which can be done for a toddler with hypovolaemic shock and a non-blanching rash
Meningococcal PCR
What test should be done before considering lumbar puncture in a child with suspected meningitis
Clotting screen to prevent an unnecessary risk of meningococcal septicaemia
Which molecule is a precursor for T3 but not T4 and explain
DIT + MIT = T3
DIT + DIT = T4
Which cranial nerve passes directly through the cavernous sinus
CN VI
Pathology of the cavernous sinus is most likely to affect which cranial nerve and how will this present
CN VI
Convergent squint and reduced abduction
Describe the afferent nerve pathway that causes pupillary constriction
Fibres of the oculomotor nerve pass from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, via ciliary ganglion, to cause constriction
What should you think of upon seeing the absence of the pars interarticularis on X-ray
Stress fracture causing spondylolysis
What is the difference between spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis is a defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebra
Spondylolisthesis is the forward slippage on one vertebra on another
What is a burst fracture and how can it typically occur
Severe compression of a vertebral body
Tends to occur during very heavy loading of the axial spine
What should you suspect in a patient who has pain upon weight bearing following trauma which was treated conservatively
Secondary post-traumatic osteoarthritis
What investigation should be carried out for a patient with direct trauma to the nose which has caused obvious visual deformity
No investigation needed
What investigation can be carried out for someone with recurrent sinusitis
CT scan of sinuses
If an infant presents with a harsh sound on breathing and respiratory distress, what should you suspect and what is the most common causative organism
Croup
Most commonly para-influenzae virus
When does menarche typically occur in females
2 years after the onset of puberty
An infant presents 24hrs after birth with jaundice, what should you think of
Haemolysis jaundice
An infant presents 4 days after birth with jaundice, what should you think of
Physiological jaundice
An infant presents with prolonged jaundice, what should you think of
Obstructive jaundice
Which nerve is at risk in surgical procedures involving the posterior triangle of the neck
Spinal accessory
Which nerve is at risk in surgical procedures involving the submandibular gland
Marginal mandibular nerve
Which nerve is at risk in surgical procedures involving the lower wisdom teeth
Inferior alveolar nerve
Which pathway leads to ketone body formation
Lipolysis
Which technique is typically used to look for a chromosomal imbalance
Array CGH
What is contained within thyroid follicles and which cells line the periphery
Colloid
Lined with follicular cells
Which branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve is involved with corneal sensation, and can be affected in herpes zoster ophthalmicus
Nasociliary nerve
What disease is suggested by exclamation mark hairs
Alopecia Areata
How can you differentiate between a simple and a tension pneumothorax
Palpate the trachea
Which drug is used to prevent gout but can also cause gout and how does it work
Allopurinol
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
How should traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder be managed
Closed reduction and sling immobilization for 4 weeks
Name 2 conditions that the oral combined pill can cause
Spider naevus
Erythema nodosum
Which asthma medication can cause exacerbation of acne
Oral steroids
What acuity is considered legally blind
6/60
How would you record the acuity of a patient that could only read the top letter on a Snellen chart
6/60 (Legally Blind)
What is the pathology behind neurogenic pruritis and give a few examples
Effect on CNS receptors
e.g Renal/Hepatic failure or malignancy
What is the commonest cause of renal failure in kids under 5
E. Coli O157
What investigation is done to check for E. Coli O157
Stool culture
What is the classic triad of symptoms which suggest fat embolism
Respiratory symptoms
Neurological symptoms
Petechial rash
What is causing the flexion of fingers in the 2nd (active contractile) stage of Dupuytren’s contracture
Myofibroblasts in the lesion
What is the precursor to ACTH and what else can it produce and how is this relevant clinically
POMC can become ACTH or melanocyte-stimulating hormone - which is why Addison’s patients have dark skin
Describe claw hand and which nerve is injured to cause it
Hyperextension of MCP joints and flexion of DIPJ & PIPJ
Caused by a lower ulnar nerve palsy
