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Misc. Notes Year 2 > DUMS Derm > Flashcards

DUMS Derm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of melanin and what colour are they

A

Eumelanin (brown or black)

Phaeomelanin (red or yellow)

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2
Q

What do melanocytes convert to melanin

A

Tyrosine

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3
Q

Which gene turns Phaeomelanin into Eumelanin

A

Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R gene)

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4
Q

What does one defective copy of MC1R cause

A

Freckling

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5
Q

What do two defective copies of MC1R cause

A

Red hair and freckling

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6
Q

What are Ephilidies

A

Freckles

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7
Q

What is a junctional naevus

A

Melanocytes proliferate -> clusters of cells at DEJ

Childhood

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8
Q

What is a compound naevus

A

Junctional clusters + groups of cells in dermis

Adolesence

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9
Q

What is an intradermal naevus

A

Intradermal naevus – all junctional activity has ceased; entirely dermal
Adulthood

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10
Q

What is the wavelength range of UVB light

A

290 - 320nm

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11
Q

Where does dietary vitamin D come from

A

Oily Fish

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12
Q

In the liver, what is Vitamin D metabolised to

A

25 hydroxy-vitamin D

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13
Q

In the kidneys, what is Vitamin D metabolised to

A

1,25 DiHydroxy-D3

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14
Q

Which enzyme is faulty in Acute Intermittent Porphyria

A

PBG Deaminase

buildup of PBG

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15
Q

Which enzyme is faulty in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT 1)

A

Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase

buildup of Uroporphyrinogen III

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16
Q

Which enzyme is faulty in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria

A

Ferrochelatase

buildup of Protoporphyrin IX

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17
Q

What is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

A

Vesicles in your ear and throat that you get after a shingles infection presents with deafness
Also causes facial nerve palsy

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18
Q

Which type of Herpes Simplex is the main cause of oral lesions

A

Type 1

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19
Q

What is the treatment for Herpes Simplex

A 
Aciclovir treatment 
(within 72 hours for type 2)
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20
Q

Which class of drug can cause Erythema Multiforme

A

Cephalosporins

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21
Q

What would you suspect with pearly, fleshy nodules on a child and how would you treat

A

Molluscum Contagiosum

Self-Limiting

22
Q

What is another name for Erythema Migrans and what is the treatment

A

Lyme disease

Doxycycline

23
Q

What is the name of the primary syphilis painless ulcer at the site of entry

A

Chancre

24
Q

What is the treatment of syphilis

A

Penicillin Injections

25
Q

When is the only time you would swab/ give antibiotics for a leg ulcer

A

If there are signs of active infection

26
Q

What are the two types of necrotising fasciitis and what is the difference

A

Type 1 - Mixed anaerobes & coliforms

Type 2 - Strep Pyogenes

27
Q

What nail signs can be seen in psoriasis

A

Onycholysis
Pitting
Subungual hyperkeratosis

28
Q

What is the initial treatment for acne

A

Keratolytic (benzoyl peroxide)

Anti-bacterial (erythromycin, clindamycin)

29
Q

What must be checked regularly when someone is on an oral retinoid (Isotretinoin)

A

Bloods checked regularly

Pregnancy test every 3 months

30
Q

What treatments can be given for acne rosacea

A

Topical Metronidazole
Oral Tetracycline for long-term
AVOID STEROIDS

31
Q

What is Nikolsky’s sign and when is it positive

A

The ability to rub off skin lesions

Positive in Pemphigus vulgaris

32
Q

Which immunoglobulin is involved in Pemphigus and Pemphigoid

A

IgG

33
Q

Which disease can present as infantile seizures

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

34
Q

Which disease is indicated by an Ash Leaf macule

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

35
Q

Which disease is indicated by cafe-au-lair patches and axillary freckling

A

NF type 1

36
Q

Which disease can present with bilateral Vestibular Schwannoma’s

A

NF type 2

37
Q

Which skin cancer variant is slow growing and why

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Poor blood supply

38
Q

Is basal cell carcinoma related to sun exposure or sun damage

A

Sun exposure

39
Q

What are two precursor lesions to squamous cell carcinoma

A

Bowen’s disease

Actinic keratoses

40
Q

Is squamous cell carcinoma related to sun exposure or sun damage

A

Sun damage

41
Q

What are the two growth phases of melanoma’s

A

RGP (radial growth phase)

VGP (vertical growth phase)

42
Q

How much area does 1 finger tips worth of cream cover

A

2 palms worth

43
Q

Name a mild steroid

A

Hydrocortisone

44
Q

Name a moderate steroid

A

Clobetasone

45
Q

Name a potent steroid

A

Betamethasone

46
Q

Name a very potent steroid

A

Clobetasol

47
Q

What is a side effect of using tar treatments for psoriasis

A

Tar staining

48
Q

What is first-line therapy for warts

A

Keratolytics

49
Q

What is second line for warts

A

Cryotherapy

50
Q

What is third-line treatment for warts

A

Imiquimod (Aldara)

immune modulator

Misc. Notes Year 2 (30 decks)

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