DUMS Derm Flashcards
What are the two types of melanin and what colour are they
Eumelanin (brown or black)
Phaeomelanin (red or yellow)
What do melanocytes convert to melanin
Tyrosine
Which gene turns Phaeomelanin into Eumelanin
Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R gene)
What does one defective copy of MC1R cause
Freckling
What do two defective copies of MC1R cause
Red hair and freckling
What are Ephilidies
Freckles
What is a junctional naevus
Melanocytes proliferate -> clusters of cells at DEJ
Childhood
What is a compound naevus
Junctional clusters + groups of cells in dermis
Adolesence
What is an intradermal naevus
Intradermal naevus – all junctional activity has ceased; entirely dermal
Adulthood
What is the wavelength range of UVB light
290 - 320nm
Where does dietary vitamin D come from
Oily Fish
In the liver, what is Vitamin D metabolised to
25 hydroxy-vitamin D
In the kidneys, what is Vitamin D metabolised to
1,25 DiHydroxy-D3
Which enzyme is faulty in Acute Intermittent Porphyria
PBG Deaminase
buildup of PBG
Which enzyme is faulty in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT 1)
Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase
buildup of Uroporphyrinogen III
Which enzyme is faulty in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
Ferrochelatase
buildup of Protoporphyrin IX
What is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome
Vesicles in your ear and throat that you get after a shingles infection presents with deafness
Also causes facial nerve palsy
Which type of Herpes Simplex is the main cause of oral lesions
Type 1
What is the treatment for Herpes Simplex
Aciclovir treatment (within 72 hours for type 2)
Which class of drug can cause Erythema Multiforme
Cephalosporins
What would you suspect with pearly, fleshy nodules on a child and how would you treat
Molluscum Contagiosum
Self-Limiting
What is another name for Erythema Migrans and what is the treatment
Lyme disease
Doxycycline
What is the name of the primary syphilis painless ulcer at the site of entry
Chancre
What is the treatment of syphilis
Penicillin Injections
When is the only time you would swab/ give antibiotics for a leg ulcer
If there are signs of active infection
What are the two types of necrotising fasciitis and what is the difference
Type 1 - Mixed anaerobes & coliforms
Type 2 - Strep Pyogenes
What nail signs can be seen in psoriasis
Onycholysis
Pitting
Subungual hyperkeratosis
What is the initial treatment for acne
Keratolytic (benzoyl peroxide)
Anti-bacterial (erythromycin, clindamycin)
What must be checked regularly when someone is on an oral retinoid (Isotretinoin)
Bloods checked regularly
Pregnancy test every 3 months
What treatments can be given for acne rosacea
Topical Metronidazole
Oral Tetracycline for long-term
AVOID STEROIDS
What is Nikolsky’s sign and when is it positive
The ability to rub off skin lesions
Positive in Pemphigus vulgaris
Which immunoglobulin is involved in Pemphigus and Pemphigoid
IgG
Which disease can present as infantile seizures
Tuberous Sclerosis
Which disease is indicated by an Ash Leaf macule
Tuberous Sclerosis
Which disease is indicated by cafe-au-lair patches and axillary freckling
NF type 1
Which disease can present with bilateral Vestibular Schwannoma’s
NF type 2
Which skin cancer variant is slow growing and why
Basal cell carcinoma
Poor blood supply
Is basal cell carcinoma related to sun exposure or sun damage
Sun exposure
What are two precursor lesions to squamous cell carcinoma
Bowen’s disease
Actinic keratoses
Is squamous cell carcinoma related to sun exposure or sun damage
Sun damage
What are the two growth phases of melanoma’s
RGP (radial growth phase)
VGP (vertical growth phase)
How much area does 1 finger tips worth of cream cover
2 palms worth
Name a mild steroid
Hydrocortisone
Name a moderate steroid
Clobetasone
Name a potent steroid
Betamethasone
Name a very potent steroid
Clobetasol
What is a side effect of using tar treatments for psoriasis
Tar staining
What is first-line therapy for warts
Keratolytics
What is second line for warts
Cryotherapy
What is third-line treatment for warts
Imiquimod (Aldara)
immune modulator
