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Misc. Notes Year 2 > DUMS Derm > Flashcards

DUMS Derm Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two types of melanin and what colour are they

A

Eumelanin (brown or black)

Phaeomelanin (red or yellow)

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2
Q

What do melanocytes convert to melanin

A

Tyrosine

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3
Q

Which gene turns Phaeomelanin into Eumelanin

A

Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R gene)

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4
Q

What does one defective copy of MC1R cause

A

Freckling

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5
Q

What do two defective copies of MC1R cause

A

Red hair and freckling

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6
Q

What are Ephilidies

A

Freckles

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7
Q

What is a junctional naevus

A

Melanocytes proliferate -> clusters of cells at DEJ

Childhood

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8
Q

What is a compound naevus

A

Junctional clusters + groups of cells in dermis

Adolesence

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9
Q

What is an intradermal naevus

A

Intradermal naevus – all junctional activity has ceased; entirely dermal
Adulthood

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10
Q

What is the wavelength range of UVB light

A

290 - 320nm

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11
Q

Where does dietary vitamin D come from

A

Oily Fish

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12
Q

In the liver, what is Vitamin D metabolised to

A

25 hydroxy-vitamin D

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13
Q

In the kidneys, what is Vitamin D metabolised to

A

1,25 DiHydroxy-D3

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14
Q

Which enzyme is faulty in Acute Intermittent Porphyria

A

PBG Deaminase

buildup of PBG

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15
Q

Which enzyme is faulty in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT 1)

A

Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase

buildup of Uroporphyrinogen III

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16
Q

Which enzyme is faulty in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria

A

Ferrochelatase

buildup of Protoporphyrin IX

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17
Q

What is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

A

Vesicles in your ear and throat that you get after a shingles infection presents with deafness
Also causes facial nerve palsy

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18
Q

Which type of Herpes Simplex is the main cause of oral lesions

A

Type 1

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19
Q

What is the treatment for Herpes Simplex

A 
Aciclovir treatment 
(within 72 hours for type 2)
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20
Q

Which class of drug can cause Erythema Multiforme

A

Cephalosporins

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21
Q

What would you suspect with pearly, fleshy nodules on a child and how would you treat

Study These Flashcards
A

Molluscum Contagiosum

Self-Limiting

22
Q

What is another name for Erythema Migrans and what is the treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

Lyme disease

Doxycycline

23
Q

What is the name of the primary syphilis painless ulcer at the site of entry

24
Q

What is the treatment of syphilis

Study These Flashcards
A

Penicillin Injections

25
When is the only time you would swab/ give antibiotics for a leg ulcer
If there are signs of active infection
26
What are the two types of necrotising fasciitis and what is the difference
Type 1 - Mixed anaerobes & coliforms | Type 2 - Strep Pyogenes
27
What nail signs can be seen in psoriasis
Onycholysis Pitting Subungual hyperkeratosis
28
What is the initial treatment for acne
Keratolytic (benzoyl peroxide) | Anti-bacterial (erythromycin, clindamycin)
29
What must be checked regularly when someone is on an oral retinoid (Isotretinoin)
Bloods checked regularly | Pregnancy test every 3 months
30
What treatments can be given for acne rosacea
Topical Metronidazole Oral Tetracycline for long-term AVOID STEROIDS
31
What is Nikolsky's sign and when is it positive
The ability to rub off skin lesions | Positive in Pemphigus vulgaris
32
Which immunoglobulin is involved in Pemphigus and Pemphigoid
IgG
33
Which disease can present as infantile seizures
Tuberous Sclerosis
34
Which disease is indicated by an Ash Leaf macule
Tuberous Sclerosis
35
Which disease is indicated by cafe-au-lair patches and axillary freckling
NF type 1
36
Which disease can present with bilateral Vestibular Schwannoma's
NF type 2
37
Which skin cancer variant is slow growing and why
Basal cell carcinoma | Poor blood supply
38
Is basal cell carcinoma related to sun exposure or sun damage
Sun exposure
39
What are two precursor lesions to squamous cell carcinoma
Bowen's disease | Actinic keratoses
40
Is squamous cell carcinoma related to sun exposure or sun damage
Sun damage
41
What are the two growth phases of melanoma's
RGP (radial growth phase) | VGP (vertical growth phase)
42
How much area does 1 finger tips worth of cream cover
2 palms worth
43
Name a mild steroid
Hydrocortisone
44
Name a moderate steroid
Clobetasone
45
Name a potent steroid
Betamethasone
46
Name a very potent steroid
Clobetasol
47
What is a side effect of using tar treatments for psoriasis
Tar staining
48
What is first-line therapy for warts
Keratolytics
49
What is second line for warts
Cryotherapy
50
What is third-line treatment for warts
Imiquimod (Aldara) | immune modulator

Misc. Notes Year 2 (30 decks)

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