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Misc. Notes Year 2 > Child Health Rafi unknown > Flashcards

Child Health Rafi unknown Flashcards

1
Q

Height measurement is recorded to the nearest what

A

Millimetre

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2
Q

Height measurement is taken on expiration true/false

A

true

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3
Q

What do birth centile charts show

A

Show child’s size compared to other children of same-sex and age

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4
Q

What is the best measure of if a child over 2 is fat or thin

A

BMI

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5
Q

Define a normal BMI in terms of centiles

A

25 to 75

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6
Q

Define overweight and obese centiles

A

over 91 - overweight

over 98 - obese

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7
Q

Define pubertal delay in boys and girls

A

no signs of puberty by 13 in girls and 14 in boys

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8
Q

In the first 2 years what might be the cause of an excess protein intake

A

Formula Milk

Commercial weaning products

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9
Q

Name 3 dietary sources of Vitamin A

A

Cheese eggs and yoghurt

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10
Q

Name 3 dietary sources of Vitamin C

A

Potatoes oranges and blackcurrant

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11
Q

Name 3 sources of Vitamin D

A

Sunlight, Eggs, Oily fish

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12
Q

What vitamin supplements and in what situation should children over 6months take

A

A, C, D if consuming less than 500mls of formula

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13
Q

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for how long

A

6 months

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14
Q

What is infant formula

A

Modified cow milk with casein/whey

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15
Q

When should full fat/semi-skimmed/skimmed milk be started

A

Full fat - 1 year
Semi-skimmed - 2 years
Skimmed - 5 years

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16
Q

What is the average age of onset of puberty in boys n girls

A

Boys 11.5

Girls 11

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17
Q

What do Adrenarche, Menarche and Thelarche mean and which order do they typically come in

A

Thelarche –> Breast bud development
Adrenarche –> Body Hair + odour
Menarche –> First period

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18
Q

Define early puberty in girls and boys

A

Girls before 8

Boys before 9

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19
Q

What is the ATNR reflex

A

Also called the fencing reflex
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
Prevents babies rolling off edges
Lost by 4-6 months

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20
Q

Name the 4 major patterns of developmental delay

A

Global
Specific
Regression
Deviation

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21
Q

Difference between developmental delay and learning disability

A

learning disability is the term used for children aged 5 and over

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22
Q

Define Mild and Severe learning disability in terms of IQ

A

Mild - below 70

Severe - below 50

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23
Q

Name 6 red flags for developmental delay

A 
Asymmetry of movement 
Loss of skills 
Not reaching for things by 6 months 
Not sitting unsupported by 12 months 
Not walking by 18 months --> CK 
Not speaking by 18 months 
No social smile by 6 weeks
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24
Q

Name 2 diseases which could cause Motor delay

A

DMD

Cerebral palsy

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25
Q

Name 2 diseases that could cause Sensory deficit & delay

A

Oculo-cutaneous Albinism

Treacher-Collins syndrome

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26
Q

What is the main disease of deviation delay

A

Autism

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27
Q

Triad of autism

A

Altered communication
Altered social interaction
Altered flexibility of imagination

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28
Q

A child with milky projectile vomit, weight loss and a palpable abdominal mass
Diagnosis + investigation

A

Pyloric stenosis

Abdo USS

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29
Q

A child with bile coloured vomit

Diagnosis + investigation

A

Malrotation until proven otherwise

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30
Q

A child with red currant jelly stools

Diagnosis + treatment

A

Intusseption

Air in anus

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31
Q

Risk factors for intusseption

A

HSP
Meckel’s
Rotavirus

32
Q

Most important cause of acute scrotum

A

Hydatid of Morgagni

33
Q

What is hydrocele and what causes it

A

Fluid around testis

Patent processus vaginalis

34
Q

Test to check for undescended testes

A

Soap test

Apply soap and palpate for testicle from ASIS

35
Q

When is the APGAR check done

A

At 1 min then again at 5mins

36
Q

Name the parts of the APGAR score

A 
Appearance 
Pulse 
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
37
Q

What is a normal score for APGAR

A

7,8,9

10 is unlikely

38
Q

Why is IM Vitamin K given to newborns

A

Prevents haemorrhagic disease

39
Q

Which subgroup of meningococcal disease is most serious

A

B

40
Q

Which artery is most commonly occluded in malrotation with volvulus

A

SMA –> affects Midgut

41
Q

What is phimosis

A

Congenital narrowing of the foreskin so it can’t be retracted

42
Q

As a child ages what happens to HR, RR and BP

A

Heart rate decreases
Systolic BP increases
Resp rate decreases

43
Q

Which do children struggle more with resp infections than adults

A

High Anterior Larynx

Floppy Epiglottis

44
Q

Why are steroid given in croup

A

To decrease oedema

45
Q

What are the two main causes of respiratory arrest

A

Resp distress

Resp depression

46
Q

How much saline should you give to a hypotensive child

A

20mls/kg of 0.9% NaCl

47
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial meningitis in a child under 3 months

A

IV cefotaxime + amoxicillin

48
Q

What organism causes mumps

A

Rubulavirus

49
Q

Treatment for mumps

A

Supportive

Notify pub. health

50
Q

How is mumps spread

A

Saliva droplets

51
Q

The incubation period of mumps

A

17 days

52
Q

Which organism causes measles

A

Morbilivirus

53
Q

The incubation period of measles

A

10 days

54
Q

How is measles spread

A

Airborne

55
Q

Treatment for measles

A

Supportive

Notify pub. health

56
Q

How is measles diagnosed

A

Salivary IgM

57
Q

What is the classic triad of measles in the prodromal phase of the disease

A

Conjunctivitis
A cough
Coryza

58
Q

What are the white lesions in the buccal mucosa seen in measles called

A

Koplik spots

59
Q

What are the 2 broad types of vaccines

A

Live

Inactivated

60
Q

Examples of live attenuated vaccines

A

MMR, Rotavirus, Zoster, Flu

61
Q

Name the 3 types of inactivated vaccine

A

Suspensions
Subunit
Conjugate

62
Q

Examples of inactivated suspension vaccines

A

Whole cell Pertussis

Whole cell Typhois

63
Q

Examples of inactivated subunit vaccines

A

Diptheria toxoid

64
Q

Examples of inactivated conjugate vaccines

A

MenC

HiB

65
Q

Which severe allergy is a contraindication to receiving a vaccine

A

Latex

66
Q

If you have an egg allergy, which vaccines can you not take

A

Yellow Fever

Flu

67
Q

What can a heel prick test be used to screen for and what is another name for it

A

Guthrie test
done on day 5
can detect congenital thyroid problems or PKU

68
Q

What is the Moro reflex

A

Baby spreads arms out, then back in, then cries.

69
Q

When does the Moro reflex disappear

A

4-5months

70
Q

What is the ATNR reflex and what is another name for it

A

fencing reflex

When the arm extends the direction that the babies head is facing and the opposite side is flexed

71
Q

When does the ATNR reflex appear and disappear

A

Appears at 2-3 weeks

Disappears by 6-9 months

72
Q

What is the grasp reflex

A

When an object is placed in the infant’s hand and strokes their palm, the fingers will close around it and they will grasp it

73
Q

When does the grasp reflex appear and disappear

A

Appears at birth

Disappears at 5-6 months

74
Q

What are the rooting and sucking reflexes

A

Rooting - Infant turns head toward anything that strokes his cheek or mouth, searching for the object by moving his head until the object is found
Sucking - Child instinctively suck anything that touches the roof of the mouth

75
Q

When does the rooting reflex disappear

A

Around 4 months

Misc. Notes Year 2 (30 decks)

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