Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Misc. Notes Year 2 > Cammy Renal > Flashcards

Cammy Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What is horseshoe kidney

A

Conjoined kidney usually at the lower pole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is renal agenesis and what happens when it is unilateral

A

Absence kidney

If unilateral, leads to hypertrophy of single kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which congenital kidney abnormality leads to oligohydroamnios and lung hypoplasia

A

Bilateral renal agenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gene and chromosome in ARPKD

A

PKDH1 on chromosome 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1st line investigation for suspected PKD

A

USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gene and chromosome in ADPKD

A

PKD1 on chromosome 16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Risk of the children of patients with ADPKD getting disease

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which PKD is associated with Berry Aneurysms and where are these found

A

ADPKD

Circle of Willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which valve abnormality is associated with ADPKD

A

Mitral valve prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BP target in PKD

A

<130/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which drug can be used to decrease cyst volume in ADPKD

A

Tolvaptan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does Tolvaptan work and which syndrome can it be used to treat

A

Vasopressin antagonist –> can be used for SIADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gene and mode of transmission of Alport’s

A

COL4A5

X-Linked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which symptom along with haematuria is characteristic of Alports

A

Deafness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is seen on renal biopsy in an Alport’s patient

A

Variable thickness of GBM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anderson-Fabry’s disease is a deficiency of what

A

Alpha-galactosidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment for Anderson-Fabry’s

A

Fabryzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is cutaneous angiokeratoma and what disease is it associated with

A

Clusters of telangiectasia around belly button

Anderson-Fabry’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parenchymal fibrosis leading to shrunken kidneys is a description of which disease

A

Medullary cystic kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treatment for Medullary cystic kidney

A

Transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do Dymorphic and Isomorphic RBC casts suggest

A 
Dysmorphic = from kidney 
Isomorphic = from bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which syndrome are Red cell casts associated with

A

Nephritic syndrome

23
Q

Muddy brown casts suggests what

A

Acute Tubular necrosis

24
Q

3 ways to diagnose AKI

A

Increase in creatinine by 26.4
Increase in creatinine by 50%
Oliguria

25
Q

Untreated pre-renal AKI can lead to what

A

Acute Tubular necrosis

26
Q

Flash Pulmonary Oedema suggests what

A

Renal Artery Stenosis

27
Q

Define malignant hypertension

A

Diastolic >165mmHg

28
Q

Fibrinoid Necrosis in arterioles and glomerular tufts is a buzzword for what

A

Malignant hypertension

29
Q

Fibromuscular dyplasia can occur as a part of which connective tissue disease

A

Ehler-Danlos

30
Q

When would nephrostomy be indicated in post renal AKI

A

If signs of infection or abscess

31
Q

5 indications for Dialysis in AKI

A 
A- Acidosis pH < 7.15
E- Electrolytes K >6.5
I- Intoxication
O- Overload of fluid
U- Uraemic Pericarditis
32
Q

What sort of GFR does dialysis provide

A

10-12ml/min

33
Q

Triple therapy for transplant patients

A

Tacrolimus
MMF
Prednisolone

34
Q

What level of GFR will cause symptoms in someone with CKD

A

<20 ml/min

35
Q

Frothy urine & fatty casts suggest which 2 pathologies which, when they present together are part of a syndrome

A

Proteinuria
Hypercholesterolaemia
Nephrotic Syndrome

36
Q

Why does nephrotic syndrome cause a hypercoagulable state

A

Loss of AT III

37
Q

Why does nephrotic syndrome make you more susceptible to infection

A

Loss of Opsonising antibodies

38
Q

Diabetic nephropathy involves deposition of what

A

Type IV collagen

39
Q

Why does microalbuminuria occur in diabetic nephropathy

A

Hyperfiltration

40
Q

What is the problem with Kass’s criteria for probable UTI

A

Only applies to women of childbearing age

41
Q

Sterile Pyuria suggests what

A

Abacterial cystitis

42
Q

What is the vesicoureteral reflex and what can it cause

A

Backflow of urine

Pyelonephritis

43
Q

Waxy casts in urine are cuased by what, and are a buzzword for what disease

A

Atrophic tubules containing eosinophilic proteinaceous material
Seen in Chronic Pyelonephritis

44
Q

Sterile Pyuria can suggest what disease apart from abacterial cystitis

A

Tuberculous Pyelonephritis

45
Q

Cortical Scarring and blunted calyces can be seen in which disease

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

46
Q

Fibromas originate from which part of the kidney

A

Medullary origin

47
Q

Which benign renal tumour originates from the cortex

A

Adenoma

48
Q

A central scar on CT suggests what

A

Oncocytoma

49
Q

Why can a left sided varicocele be seen as a presentation of renal cell carcinoma

A

Right spermatic vein drains straight into IVC whereas left spermatic vein can be blocked at the left renal vein

50
Q

Urinary bladder halo sign suggests what

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

51
Q

Which industry is associated with urothelial carcinoma

A

Dyes industry

52
Q

What are the 2 types of bladder cancer and what is the difference

A

Flat/solid – develops as a high-grade flat tumour

Papillary – develops as a low-grade papillary tumour that progresses to a high-grade papillary tumour

53
Q

What are the three testicular tumour markers and what do they correlate to

A

bHCG - Trophoblastic components
AFP - Yolk sac components
PLAP - Seminoma mainly

Misc. Notes Year 2 (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions