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Misc. Notes Year 2 > Cammy Endocrine > Flashcards

Cammy Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the cavernou sinus

A

CN III, IV, V1, V2, IV

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2
Q

Why does a prolactinoms present earlier in females

A

Causes menstrual irregularities which are picked up on quicker by females
Compared to decreased libido in males

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3
Q

A growth hormone secreting adenoma will cause what in a child and in an adult

A

Gigantism in kids

Acromegaly in adults

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4
Q

What is gigantism

A

Increased linear bone growth meaning the epiphyses are not fused

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5
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for prolactinoma

A

Dopamine agonist e.g cabergoline

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6
Q

Name a GH receptor antagonist

A

Pegvisomant

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7
Q

Cushing’s disease causes what changes with regards to the adrenal glands

A

Bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia

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8
Q

Do symptoms of hypopituitarism present early or late

A

Late - typically once >75% of the pituitary parenchyma has been lost

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9
Q

What is apoplexy

A

Bleeding into an adenoma

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10
Q

What is a patient with pallor and hairlessness a classical picture of

A

Pan-hypopituitarism

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11
Q

How is diabetes insipidus diagnosed

A

Water deprivation test

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12
Q

When might a water deprivation test be avoided in a case of suspected diabtes insipidus

A

If the baseline serum : urine osmolality is greater than 2

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13
Q

How can SIADH be treated

A

Remove source of ectopic ADH

Tolvaptan

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14
Q

What is increased apart from Prolactin during breastfeeding and pregnancy/labour

A

Oxytocin

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15
Q

Which thyroid pathology can cause hyperprolactinaemia

A

Primary hypothyroidism

Increases TRH which stimulates Prolactin release

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16
Q

What are the 2 pathologies which can be classed as primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Conn’s syndrome - adrenal adenoma

Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

17
Q

What is screening test for Cushing’s syndrome

A

Overnight dexamethasone suppression test

18
Q

How does Nelson’s syndrome arise

A

Enlarging pituitary tumour after bilateral adrenalectomy

19
Q

Do Addison’s disease symptoms present late or early

A

Typically late once >90% of gland has been destroyed

20
Q

Which antibody may be present in Addison’s

A

21 alpha hydroxylase autoantibody

21
Q

Why is fludrocortisone not part of the treatmenr regimen for secondary adrenal insufficiency

A

Because the adrenal gland works fine and aldosterone will be regulated properly by the RAAS so no need for replacement

22
Q

Which special scan can be used with a CT scan to diagnose a phaeochromocytoma

A

MIBG scan

23
Q

Why are alpha blockers given before beta blockers for a phaeochromocytoma

A

Because unopposed alpha mediated vasoconstriction can lead to a hypertensive crisis

24
Q

When is Lugol’s iodine used

A

As part of the treatment of thyroid storm

25
Q

Absence of thyroxine after 3 months of age can lead to what 2 things

A

Permanent developmental delay

Cretinism

26
Q

A decreased and increased radioactive iodine uptake are associated with what pathologies

A

Increased uptake - Grave’s or Nodular goitre

Decreased uptake - Adenoma or Carcinoma

27
Q

What cancer presents with psammoma bodies and what kind of nuclei will its cells have

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Orphan annie nuclei

28
Q

Which thyroid cancer cannot be differentiated as malignant or benign on USS-FNA

A

Follicular

29
Q

The autosomal dominant form of pseudohypoparathyroidism is associated with what 2 “short” appearances

A

Short stature

Short 4th and 5th digits

30
Q

What ECG change could hypocalcaemia cause

A

Prolonged QT interval

31
Q

What should you suspect in a patient who’s calcium remains low despite Vit D3 supplements

A

Magnesium deficiency

32
Q

How is magnesium deficiency related to hypocalcaemia

A

Calcium release from cells is dependent on magnesium

Misc. Notes Year 2 (30 decks)

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