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Misc. Notes Year 2 > Big Derm > Flashcards

Big Derm Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissue is the epidermis

A

stratified cellular epithelium

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2
Q

What is another name for the Prickle Cell Layer

A

Spinous layer

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3
Q

What are Blaschko’s lines

A

Developmental growth of skin (not following nerves, vessels or lymphatics)

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4
Q

What kind of hormones can be synthesised in the skin

A

Hormones

e.g testosterone

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5
Q

How long does it take for a keratinocyte to go from the bottom to the top of the epidermis

A

28 days

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6
Q

Which epidermal layer is one cell thick and what shape are the cells

A

basal layer

cuboidal

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7
Q

Which epidermal layer is made up of polyhedral cells

A

Prickle cell (spinous)

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8
Q

Which layer of the the epidermis is highly metabolically active

A

Basal layer

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9
Q

What is the difference in how basal cells and all other cells are connected

A

All other cells - desmosomes

Basal cells - hemidesmosomes

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10
Q

What are langerhan’s cells

A

Antigen presenting cells of the skin

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11
Q

What structure are Langerhans’ cells characterised by

A

Birbeck granule

shaped like a tennis racquet

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12
Q

Which epidermal layer contains lamellar bodies

A

Granular layer

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13
Q

What are the mechanoreceptors called and which skin layer are they found in

A

Merkel cells

Basal layer

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14
Q

What are the 3 phases of hair growth and what do they mean

A

Anagen - growing
Catagen - involuting
Telogen - resting

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15
Q

What is the difference between a nodule and a papule

A

Nodule - >0.5cm

Papule - <0.5cm

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16
Q

What does Petechial suggest

A

pinpoint-sized macule of blood in the skin

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17
Q

What is a weal

A

Itchy raised nettle rash due to dermal oedema

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18
Q

Which glands are the smelly ones and where are they found

A

Apocrine

Axilla and perineum

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19
Q

What are the actual sweat glands called

A

Eccrine

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20
Q

Causes of Impetigo

A

Staph Aureus typically

can be strep

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21
Q

Treatment of impetigo

A

Flucloxacillin for Staph

penicillin for strep

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22
Q

How is Impetigo spread

A

Direct contact

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23
Q

What colour is Impetigo and where is it found

A

Weeping, exudative area

honey coloured, typically on face, around mouth

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24
Q

How does Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) present

A

Scald-like skin appearance followed by large flaccid bulla

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25
Q

What type of Impetigo can cause Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)

A

Bullous Impetigo

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26
Q

What is the treatment for Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)

A

Flucloxacillin

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27
Q

How can you differentiate between SSSS and TEN (toxic epidermal necrolysis)

A

Mucosal involvement only occurs in TEN

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28
Q

What are the causes of cellulitis

A

Beta-haemolytic streptococcus most commonly

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29
Q

Treatment for cellulitis

A

penicillin and flucloxacillin

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30
Q

Types of Necrotising fascitis and the difference between them

A

Type 1 - Mixed anaerobes

Type 2 - Strep Pyogenes

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31
Q

Investigation for Parovirus B19

A

Parovirus B19 IgM test

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32
Q

What is Parovirus B19 also known as

A

Slapped Cheek syndrome

Erythema Infectiosum

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33
Q

What joint pathology can Parovirus B19 cause

A

Arthritis

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34
Q

What do monomorphic punched out lesions suggest

A

Eczema herpeticum

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35
Q

What is the treatment for Eczema Herpeticum

A

Anti-virals

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36
Q

What is Shingles called after 4 weeks

A

Post Herpetic Neuralgia

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37
Q

Which types of HPV are associated with cervical cancer

A

16 & 18

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38
Q

Which types of HPV are associated with genital warts

A

6 & 11

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39
Q

What is the treatment for Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Self limiting

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40
Q

What is Orf

A

Disease of the sheep due to a pox virus infection

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41
Q

What is Tinea cruris

A

Dermatophyte infection of the groin

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42
Q

What is Tinea pedis

A

Dermatophyte infection of the foot (Athlete’s foot)

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43
Q

What is Tinea manuum

A

Dermatophyte infection of the palms

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44
Q

What is Tinea unguium

A

Dermatophyte infection of the nails

45
Q

What is the treatment for dermatophyte infections

A

Clotrimazole cream

Topical Anti-fungal

46
Q

How is scabies spread

A

Prolonged close contact and sexual contact

47
Q

What is a pathogmonic sign of scabies

A

Linear or curved skin burrows

48
Q

How is scabies diagnosed

A

Skin scraping

49
Q

Treatment for scabies

A

Malathion lotion overnight

50
Q

What is Norwegian scabies and what sort of people does it affect

A

Chronic crusted form of scabies

Affects immunosuppressed

51
Q

What is another name for eczema

A

Atopic Dermatitis

52
Q

Which gene is linked to eczema

A

Filaggrin gene

53
Q

What immunoglobulin would be seen in skin affected by Eczema

A

IgE

Atopy

54
Q

What is the guidance on when to use which strength of steroids on skin

A

The face should only be treated by mild steroids
In young children, the body should be treated with mild and moderately potent steroids
Treatment of the palms and soles may require potent or very potent steroids as the skin is much thicker

55
Q

Where does Sebhorrhoeic Eczema affect the body

A

Body sites rich in sebaceous glands

56
Q

What does a “crazy paving pattern” indicate

A

Asteatotic Eczema

57
Q

What is Asteatotic Eczema

A

Dry plate-like cracking of the skin with a red, eczematous component

58
Q

What should be suspected if the eczema is in an unusual or localised distribution

A

Allergic or Irritant Contact Dermatitis

59
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is allergic dermatitis

A

Type 4 (delayed)

60
Q

What is Lichen Simplex

A

Thickened, scaly and hyperpigmented areas of lichenification

61
Q

What drugs can make psoriasis worse

A

Lithium
Anti-malarials
Beta-blockers

62
Q

What nail changes can accompany psoriasis

A

Nail Pitting

Onycholysis

63
Q

What is suggested by “raindrop-like psoriasis”

A

Guttate Psoriasis

64
Q

What are the three derm symptoms associated with allergy

A

Urticaria
Angioedema
Anaphylaxis

65
Q

Order of investigations for allergy

A 
History 
Specific IgE (RAST) 
Skin prick 
Challenge test
Serum mast cell tryptase level (during anaphylaxis)
66
Q

Three cardinal features of acne vulgaris

A

Comedones
Pustules
Inflammatory papules

67
Q

What is the difference between whiteheads and blackheads

A

Whiteheads are closed from the air

Blackheads are open

68
Q

What is acne fulminans

A

Severe necrotic and crusted acne lesions

Requires urgent treatment with oral prednisolone

69
Q

What is the first line keratolytic used in Acne Vulgaris

A

Benzoyl peroxide

70
Q

What topical antibiotics are given for Acne Vulgaris

A

Erythromycin

Clindamycin

71
Q

What oral antibiotic can you give for Acne Vulgaris

A

Tetracycline

72
Q

Antibiotic given for Acne Rosacea

A

Topical Metronidazole

73
Q

Target lesions indicative of

A

Erythema Multiforme

74
Q

What is Pyoderma Gangrenosum

A

Erythematous nodules or pustules that frequently ulcerate

75
Q

Treatment for Pyoderma Gangrenosum

A

Very potent topical steroids

Immunosuppressants may be used in resistant cases

76
Q

What drug other than immunosuppressants can be given for dermatomyositis

A

Hydroxychloroquine

77
Q

Which systemic autoimmune disease can cause erythema nodosum

A

Sarcoidosis

78
Q

How many cafe-au-lait spots suggest genetic disease

A

More than 5

greater than 2.5cm in diameter

79
Q

What is the inheritance of NF type 1

A

Autosomal dominant

80
Q

Ash leaf pigmentation suggests what

A

Tuberous sclerosis

81
Q

Which bullous disease has mucosal involvement

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

82
Q

Which is more common out of bullous pemphigus and pemphigoid

A

Pemphigoid

83
Q

Which antibody is associated with pemphigus vulgaris

A

Anti-Desmoglein 3 IgG

84
Q

Which GI disease is dermatitis herpeformitis associated with

A

Coeliac Disease

85
Q

What is another name for a basal cell papilloma

A

Seborrhoeic keratosis

86
Q

What are two precursors to squamous cell carcinoma

A

Bowen’s disease

Actinic keratoses

87
Q

What are the 4 types of malignant melanoma

A

Lentigo Maligna
Superficial Spreading
Nodular
Acral

88
Q

Which type of ulcer do you use compression bandaging for

A

Venous

not arterial

89
Q

What is androgenic alopecia

A

Male pattern baldness

May occur in females following menopause

90
Q

What is Alopecia areata

A

Immune mediated hair loss

Patches of baldness

91
Q

What is Telogen effluvium

A

Diffuse hair loss that occurs some 3 months after pregnancy or a severe illness
‘Stress’ puts all the hairs into the telogen phase of hair shedding at the same time.
Hair fully recovers and normal hair cycle resumes within a few months

92
Q

What is hirsutism

A

Male pattern hair growth seen in females

93
Q

What is hypertrichosis

A

State of excessive hair growth at any site and occurs in both sexes

94
Q

Which topical therapy contains preservatives

A

Creams

95
Q

What does erythematous bullseye lesions suggest

A

erythema migrans

lyme disease

96
Q

What does cauliflower appearance suggest

A

Plantar Warts

97
Q

Who is affected by Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

HIV Patients

Immunosuppressed Patients

98
Q

What is fish scale skin

A

Ichythosis

99
Q

What does velvety thickened lesions in axillae suggest

A

Acanthosis nigricans

100
Q

What protein defect increases risk of eczema, hay fever and asthma

A

Filaggrin

101
Q

What kind of hypersensitivity is involved in a skin prick test

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

102
Q

What kind of hypersensitivity is involved in a patch test

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity

103
Q

What is sentinel lymph node

A

Is the first lymph node or group of nodes draining a cancer

104
Q

What is Ramsay-hunt syndrome

A

Vesicle and pain in auditory canal and throat

Can result in CN VII palsy, leading to facial drooping

105
Q

Which skin cells are responsible for Vitamin D metabolism

A

Keratinocytes

106
Q

What do Pancinian corpuscles sense

A

Pressure

107
Q

What senses vibration in the skin

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

108
Q

What is acantholysis

A

lysis of intercellular adhesion sites

109
Q

Is acantholysis seen in Pemphigus or Pemphigoid

A

Pemphigus

NOT seen in Pemphigoid

Misc. Notes Year 2 (30 decks)

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