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Misc. Notes Year 2 > Derm notes > Flashcards

Derm notes Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 appendages of skin

A

Nails
Hair
Glands
Mucosa

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2
Q

Name 2 diseases where there is a loss of control of epidermal turnover

A

Skin cancer

Psoriasis

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3
Q

In which epidermal layer is the keratinocyte nucleus lost

A

Granular layer

origin of the cornified envelope

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4
Q

In which structure in the melanocytes does conversion of tyrosine to melanin take place

A

Melanosome

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5
Q

How are full melanosomes transferred to adjacent keratinocytes

A

Via dendrites

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6
Q

What is Merkel cell cancer caused by

A

Viral infection

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7
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is bullous pemphigoid

A

Type 2 hypersensitivity

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8
Q

What are the 4 parts of a hair follicle

A

External root sheath
Internal root sheath
Cortex
Medulla

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9
Q

What is sebum made up of and which glands is it secreted from

A

Squalene, wax esters, triglycerides & free fatty acids

Secreted by sebaceous glands

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10
Q

What is acute skin failure clinically known as

A

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

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11
Q

What are 3 structurally important proteins in the keratin layer

A

Filaggrin
Involucrin
Keratin

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12
Q

What are the main type of T cells found in the epidermis and the dermis

A

Epidermis - CD8+ cells

Dermis - CD4 & CD8+ cells

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13
Q

What types of Th cells are involved in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis

A

Psoriasis - Th1 & Th17

Atopic Dermatitis - Th2 & Th17

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14
Q

Where are T cells sensitized

A

Thymus

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15
Q

Which T cell type can kill cells directly

A

CD8+ cells (Cytotoxic)

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16
Q

What are the two types of dendritic cells in the dermis

A

Dermal

Plasmacytoid

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17
Q

What is the difference between dermal and plasmacytoid dendritic cells

A

Dermal Dc’s involved in antigen presenting

Plasmacytoid Dc’s produce IFN-alpha (found in diseased skin)

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18
Q

When is an Arthus reaction seen

A

Skin testing in type 3 hypersensitivity

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19
Q

What is the scale used to classify the colour of people’s skin

A

Fitzpatrick scale

Skin types I - VI

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20
Q

Which Staph species is associated with foreign objects

A

Staph Epidermidis

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21
Q

What should you suspect in a female with multi-system involvement and hypotension

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

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22
Q

Give an example of a toxic (non-allergic) reaction

A

Scombroid Fish toxin

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23
Q

What are the chemistry related factors which make a drug more likely to cause a drug eruption

A

High Molecular weight

B-lactam compounds, NSAID’s

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24
Q

What type of reaction is a Xanthematous drug eruption

A

Type 4

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25
Q

How do emollients work

A

Enhance rehydration of epidermis

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26
Q

How do calcineurin inhibitors work and give an example

A

Tacrolimus
Suppress Lymphocyte activation
Can be used topically in eczema

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27
Q

What is the treatment for Pityriasis Versicolor

A

Ketoconazole

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28
Q

How does Capsaican work and what is it used for

A

Depletes substance P

used as an anti-pruritic

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29
Q

What is the treatment for genital warts

A

Podophyllin

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30
Q

What are the 4 treatment options for MRSA

A

Doxycycline
Co- trimoxazole
Clindamycin
Vancomycin

31
Q

Which staph. can cause urinary tract infections in women of child-bearing age

A

Staph Sacrophyticus

32
Q

What is the treatment for a dermatophyte infection of the scalp (Not clotrimazole)

A

Terbinafine or Itraconazole Orally

33
Q

What is Vagabond’s disease

A

Pediculus Corporis (Body Louse)

34
Q

Which organism which can cause pneumonia can also cause Erythema Multiforme

A

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

35
Q

What is aplastic crisis and which derm disease can cause it

A

A drop in haemoglobin due to cessation of RBC production

Slapped cheek disease (Parvovirus B19)

36
Q

How is Lyme disease diagnosed

A

Antibody blood test

37
Q

The dermis contains which types of collagen

A

Type 1 and 3

38
Q

What is ground substance made up of

A

Hyaluronic acid & Chondroitin Sulphate

39
Q

What is the epidermal basement membrane made up of

A

Laminin & Collagen type 4

40
Q

Define Hyperkeratosis

A

Increased thickness of keratin layer

41
Q

Define Parakeratosis

A

Persistence of nuclei in keratin layer

42
Q

Define Acanthosis

A

Increased thickness of epithelium

43
Q

Define Papillomatosis

A

Irregular thickening of epithelium

44
Q

Define Spongiosis

A

Oedema fluid between squames

45
Q

Define psoriasiform disease

A

Elongation of rete ridges

46
Q

Define lichenoid disease

A

Basal layer damage

47
Q

Define vesiculobullous disease

A

Blistering

48
Q

What are Munro micro-abscesses

A

Complement attracts neutrophils to keratin layer

seen in psoriasis

49
Q

Which gene is associated with dermatitis herpetiformis

A

HLA-DQ2

50
Q

What is rhinophyma

A

A large red bullous nose

51
Q

What are the 4 types of itch

A

Pruritoceptive
Neuropathic
Neurogenic
Psychogenic

52
Q

What is the Leser-Tralet sign

A

Eruptive appearance of many lesions

suggests Internal malignancy

53
Q

What is the pathology of erythema nodosum and what is the treatment

A

Inflammation of subcutaneous fat

No active treatment

54
Q

Which class of antibiotics can be implicated with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

A

Penicillins

55
Q

What is Keratoderma Blenorrhagia and which MSK syndrome is it associated with

A

Waxy yellow papules on soles of feet

Reiter’s syndrome

56
Q

What is alopecia areata and what is a drug which can be given

A

Autoimmune hair loss (spots)

Minoxidil

57
Q

Which GI and endocrine pathologies are associated with acanthosis nigricans

A

GI malignancies

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

58
Q

Name a GI disease and an MSK disease which are associated with pyoderma gangrenosum and the treatment for it

A

Crohn’s disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis
–> Oral steroid

59
Q

What is a port wine stain and what is the treatment

A

Flat capillary malformation seen at birth

No treatment

60
Q

Pearly white papules with a central umbilication

What should you suspect

A

Molluscum Contagiosum

61
Q

What is Pityriasis Versicolor and what is the treatment

A

Infection caused by Malassezia fungus

Ketoconazole shampoo

62
Q

Which hair growth can chronic malnutrition cause

A

Lanugo hair

63
Q

Someone on the pill presents with a central red papule with capillaries, on their upper body
What should you suspect

A

Spider Naevus

64
Q

What pathology is described as premalignant white hard spots on the mucous membranes of the mouth

A

Leukoplakia

65
Q

What are the 1st and 2nd line treatments for psoriasis

A

Emollient

Topical steroid + Topical Calcipotriol

66
Q

What is the treatment for moderate and severe Impetigo

A

Moderate - Topical Fusidic acid

Severe - Oral Flucloxacilin

67
Q

What is hyperhidrosis and what is the treatment

A

Excessive sweating

Topical Aluminium Chloride

68
Q

What is Guttate Psoriasis preceded by

A

Strep Infection 2-4weeks prior

69
Q

What do papules with a white lace pattern suggest and what is the treatment

A

Lichen Planus

Topical steroids

70
Q

How would you describe the pathology of Bowen’s disease

A

Intra-epidermal squamous cell carcinoma

71
Q

Why should you immediately admit a child who presents with new onset purpura

A

To rule out meningococcal disease and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

72
Q

Which derm disease tends to spare the nasolabial folds

A

Acne Rosacea

73
Q

Which derm disease presents with a Herald patch

A

Pityriasis Rosea

74
Q

Which condition is characterised by melanin-stimulating hormone being produced in excess by the pituitary

A

Nelson’s syndrome

Misc. Notes Year 2 (30 decks)

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