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Pharmacology > Diabetic Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Example of Biguanide

A

Metformin

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2
Q

Mechanism of action of Metformin

A

Increase insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle and adipose, Decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis

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3
Q

ADRs of metformin

A

Nausea, Vomiting, Lactic acidosis, B12 deficiency

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4
Q

Examples of thiazonlidinediones (glitazones)

A

Piaglitozone, Rosiglitazone

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5
Q

Mechanism of action of thiazonlidinediones (glitazones)

A

Activate PPAR gamma receptors reducing gluconeogenesis and increasing glucose uptake

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6
Q

ADRs of thiazonlidinediones (glitazones)

A

Weight gain, Heart failure, Oedema

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7
Q

DDIs of thiazonlidinediones (glitazones)

A

Displacement from plasma proteins

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8
Q

Half-life of thiazonlidinediones (glitazones)

A

7hrs, metabolites active for 150hrs

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9
Q

Examples of sulphonylureas

A

Tolbutamide, Glibenclamide

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10
Q

Mechanism of action of sulphonylureas

A

Antagonise the ATP dependent K channels on beta cells, cause depolarisation opening VOCC causing insulin release

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11
Q

ADRs of sulphonylureas

A

Nausea, Weight gain, Vomiting, Hypoglycaemia

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12
Q

DDIs of sulphonylureas

A

Displacement from plasma proteins

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13
Q

Mechanism of action of gliptins

A

Mimic GLP1 - increase insulin secretion, decrease glucagon secretion, decrease gluconeogenesis, increase glucose uptake by muscles

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14
Q

ADRs of gliptins

A

GI upset

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15
Q

Mechanism of action of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

Inhibit alpha glucosidase preventing the breakdown of dietary carbohydrates to glucose

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16
Q

ADRs of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

Flatulence, Loose stool, Abdo pain

17
Q

Mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Inhibit SGLT2 reducing reabsorption of glucose in the nephron

18
Q

ADRs of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

UTIs, Polyuria, Hypoglycaemia

19
Q

Two types of insulin regimin

A

Basal bolus and pre-mixed

20
Q

Describe basal bolus regimin

A

Long acting given as a base, short acting given with meals

21
Q

Describe pre-mixed regimin

A

Combination of long and short acting given twice daily

22
Q

Steps in managing diabetes

A
  1. Life style changes
  2. Metformin
  3. Add sulphonylurea
  4. Add glitazone, gliptin,or SGLT inhibitor
  5. Begin insulin

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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