decision making

Question 1

what is Intuition

Answer 1

Information is accepted on “Gut feeling”

Question 2

what is Tenacity

Answer 2

Information is acepted as true because it has always been believed (superstition)

Question 3

what is authority

Answer 3

relying and trusting information from an expert in the subject area

Question 4

what is personal experience

Answer 4

“let me tell you what happened to me”

Question 5

what is rationalism

Answer 5

we seek answers by applying logical reasoning to a known set of facts

Question 6

what is the scientific method

Answer 6

obtained knowledge through careful observation an prudent interpretation of data

Question 7

what are the way’s of “knowing”

Answer 7

Scientific method
personal experience
rationalism
intuition
authority
tenacity

Question 8

what is the path to influence

Answer 8

Understand > Predict > Facilitate > Influence

Question 9

what is part of understanding

Answer 9

oneself
others
enviornment
change

Question 10

what is part of predicting

Answer 10

options
outcomes

Question 11

what is part of facilitating

Answer 11

structure
expectations
rewards
accountability

Question 12

what is part of influence

Answer 12

change others
change process
change value

Question 13

what is perception

Answer 13

a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their enviornment

Question 14

what is the definition of problem

Answer 14

a perceived discrepancy between current and desired state

Question 15

what is the definition of decisions

Answer 15

choices made from among alternatives developed from data perceived as relevent

Question 16

define decision making

Answer 16

the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem

Question 17

what is a rational decision making model

Answer 17

how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome

Question 18

what are the steps in the rational decision making model

Answer 18

define the problem
identify the decision criterea
allocate weights to the criteria
develop alternatives
evaluate the alternatives
select the best alternative

Question 19

what are some organizational constraints on decision makers

Answer 19

performance evaluation
reward systems
formal regulations
system-imposed time constraints
historical precedents

Question 20

what are the ethical decision making criteria

Answer 20

utilitarianism
rights
justice

Question 21

define utilitarianism

Answer 21

seeking the greatest good for the greatest number

Question 22

define rights

Answer 22

respecting and protecting basic rights of individuals such as whistleblowers

Question 23

define justice

Answer 23

imposing and enforcing rules fairly and impartially

Question 24

what is decision making bias

Answer 24

cognitive or emotional influences that modify the weight of information and options

Question 25

what is perspective taking in decision making

Answer 25

an attempt to put themselves in the shoes of another

Question 26

what is the halo effect

Answer 26

drawing a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic

Question 27

what is contrast effects

Answer 27

evaluation of a persons characteristics that are affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics

Question 28

what is projection

Answer 28

attributing ones own characteristics to other people

Question 29

what is stereotyping

Answer 29

judging someone on the basis of ones perception of the group to which that person belongs

Question 30

what is overconfidence bias

Answer 30

believing too much in out own ability to make good decisions

Question 31

what is anchoring bias

Answer 31

using early, first received information as the basis for making subsequent judgement

Question 32

what is confirmation bias

Answer 32

using only facts that support our decision

Question 33

what is escalation of commitment

Answer 33

in spite of new negative information, commitment actually increases

Question 34

what is randomness error

Answer 34

creating meaning out of random events

Question 35

what is hindsight bias

Answer 35

looking back, once the outcome has occurred and believing that you accurately predicted the outcome of an event