DAY-14 Flashcards
*** patronage
[명] 후원(=sponsorship), 애용, 단골 손님
> patronage of the arts
have implications for restaurant patronage patterns
patron
[명] 후원자
*** ramification
[명] 영향력, 파문, 파생된 문제
> the social and political ramifications of cancers
realize the ramifications of their suggestions
ramify
[동] 가지를 내다, 여러 갈래로 갈라지다
- context
[명] 상황(=circumstance), 맥락
> include details and comments on context
weave something more into the context of the existing structure
contextual
[형] 맥락[전후 사정]과 관련된
** demonstrate
[동] 입증하다(=prove), 사실임을 보여 주다(=confirm), (사용법을) 설명하다, 시위 운동을 하다
> demonstrate this point in another way
demonstrate the importance of an individual’s action
demonstration
[명] 입증, 실증, 설명
※ de(강조) + monstr(보여주다) + ate(접미사)가 합쳐진 단어로, 무언가를 ‘보여주다’라는 의미에서 사실임을 보이는 ‘입증하다’, (사용법을) ‘설명하다’와 같은 뜻을 가짐
** emergency
[명] 비상 (사태), 응급
> assist them financially in an emergency
the emergency room
※ emergency / emergence
철자 하나 차이지만 완전히 다른 뜻이니 구별할 것. emergence는 ‘출현, 발생’이라는 뜻
** precaution
[명] 예방 조치, 예방책
> some safety precautions
the most obvious precaution to prevent major damage
※ pre(미리) + caution(주의)이 합쳐진 단어로, 미리 주의를 주는 것이므로 ‘예방 조치’의 뜻
** drift
[동] 방황하다, 표류하다
[명] 표류(물), 경향
> We drift, driven by the winds of circumstance.
see how smooth and deep the drift was
※ drift / draft
draft는 ‘초고, 선발, 징병’이라는 뜻
** conventional
[형] 관례[관습]적인(=customary), 기존의
> follow conventional procedures
challenge the conventional ways of doing things
convention
[명] 관습, 관례
** numeracy
[명] 수리 감각, 산술 능력
> develop literacy and numeracy skills
problem solving and numeracy tests
*** fraction
[명] 분수, 부분(=fragment)
> last only a fraction of a second
a small fraction of the environment
※ fraction / friction
friction은 ‘마찰’이라는 뜻. 두 단어 모두 자주 쓰이니 잘 구별할 것
- ratio
[명] 비율(=proportion)
> the same ratio of females to males
understand quantities approximately in terms of estimating ratios
- practical
[형] 실제적인, 실용적인(=useful)
> practical measures for preventing contagious diseases
the practical uses of scientific knowledge
** distrust
[명] 불신(=doubt), 의심(=suspicion)
[동] 불신하다(=doubt, suspect)
> a potential distrust of the displayed messages
Top-down business decisions are distrusted.
*** suspicion
[saspi^n]
불 suspect 의심하다
[명] 의심(=distrust, disbelief), 소량(=bit, trace)
> trigger suspicion
There was a certain suspicion in his voice.
※ suspicion에는 ‘소량’이란 뜻이 있는데, 보통 a suspicion of로 사용하여 ‘소량의, 조금의’라는 뜻
ex. a suspicion of humor
- innovation
[명] 1. 혁신 [반] imitation(모방) / 2. 획기적인 것
> a technological Innovation
reward small innovations
innovate
[동] 혁신하다, 획기적으로 하다
- combine
[동] 결합하다(=unite), 겸비하다, 병행하다
> The best decisions are the ones that combine good data.
combine with other ideas or feelings
combination
[명] 결합, 조합
- secure
[동] 확보하다, 보장하다(=guarantee)
[형] 안전한, 안정감있는(=stable)
> secure rights
a secure grip
security
[명] 보안, 보장
** distinctive
[형] 독특한(=characteristic)
> the distinctive problem to be solved
the distinctive voice he created
distinctiveness
[명] 독특함
- worthy
[형] 가치있는(=worthwhile), …을 받을 만한
> an act worthy of praise
pursue what they deem as a worthy outcome
worthiness
[명] 가치있음, 훌륭함
cf. be worthy of + v-ing: …할 가치가 있다
= be worth + v-ing
= be worthwhile + v-ing / to+v
- auditory
[형] 청각의
> stimulate our optical and auditory senses
be encoded in an auditory form
** alert
[형] 기민한, 경계하는(=wary)
[동] (위험 등을) 알리다, 경보를 발하다
[명] 경계(태세), 경보, 경고
> Group competitions make people more alert.
get a beeper that would alert him
*** stimulation
[명] 자극, 격려(=encouragement)
> stimulation and arousal
suffer from boredom without outside stimulation
stimulate
[동] 자극하다, 격려하다
- eager
[형] 열성적인(=enthusiastic), 열망하는(=anxious, longing)
> a quick and eager learner
eager to prove his expertise
eagerness
[명] 열의, 열심, 열망
*** spur
[동] 자극하다, 박차를 가하다(=encourage, drive)
[명] 자극제, 원동력(=stimulus)
> spur sales
a powerful spur to investment
cf. spur-of-the-moment: 즉석의, 충동적인
on the spur of the moment: 순간적인 충동으로
- fix
[동] 고정시키다, 고정되다, 수리하다, 해결하다
[명] 해결책(=solution)
> Their eyes tend to fix on the ball.
fix the problem
*** arbitrary
[형] 자의적인, 제멋대로인, 임의의 [반] organized(조직화된)
> arbitrary and conventional
use certain arbitrary noises innovatively as symbols
** frequency
[명] 진동(수), 빈도
> 10 cycles of the frequency
rewards that vary in their frequency or magnitude
frequent
[형] 잦은, 빈번한
- trademark
[명] (등록) 상표(=brand)
> symbols functioning as trademark
The Roman Empire had an incredible variety of trademarks.
** predecessor
[명] 이전 형태(=antecedent), 전임자
> The car is some 40mm longer than its predecessor.
an improvement over their predecessors’ tools
- tradesman
[명] 장인(=master), 상인(=merchant)
> a skilled tradesman
They were tradesmen, rather than physicians.
※ trade는 ‘손으로 하는 일’이라는 의미가 있음. 여기서 tradesman이 유래하였고, 손으로 일을 하는 사람인 ‘장인’이라는 뜻
- union
[명] 결합(=combination), 연합(=confederation), 조합, 노조
> the European Union (EU)
German unions successfully pushed for a shorter workweek.
unite
[동] 결합하다
*** entity
[명] 실체, 독립체
> a single entity which is easily measured
Functions were shifted to another municipal entity.
cf. private entity: 민간단체, 민간기업
public entity: 공공단체
*** bolster
[동] 강화하다(=strengthen, fortify)
> bolster curriculum
adopt policies to bolster national economy
** bond
[명] 유대, 끈, 채권, 접착, 굴레
[동] 접착하다, 유대감을[이] 형성하다[되다]
> the bond between humans and companion animals
He seems to have bonded with you already.
** authorship
[명] 원저자, 저작 (작업)
> the authorship of the novel
The committee accredited him with the authorship of this book.
author
[명] 작가, 저자
** ascertain
[동] 알아내다, 확인하다
> We must ascertain that students do indeed know what dominoes are.
ascertain the truth
※ as(…쪽으로) + certain(확실한)이 합쳐진 단어로, 확실한 쪽으로 가는 것이므로 ‘알아내다, 확인하다’라는 뜻
** restless
[형] 가만히 못 있는, 불안한(=unsettled)
> She was restless and impatient.
He saw the manager’s restless foot.
cf. a restless night: 잠 못 드는 밤
*** kinesthetic
[형] 운동 감각의
> another characteristic of kinesthetic learners
our tactile and kinesthetic awareness
(* tactile: 촉각의)
