Cystitis

Question 1

What are 6 symptoms of cystitis?

Answer 1

1. Pain on urination to worsening towards the end of urine voiding.
2. Odorous and cloudy urine.
3. Frequency and urgency.
4. Nocturia and Haematuria.
5. Passing small amounts of urine.
6. Sudden onset of symptoms.

Question 2

Does cystitis require a counselling room?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

What are 10 red flags for referral with cystitis?

Answer 3

1. Children < 16 years.
2. Diabetics.
3. Duration > 7 days.
4. Haematuria.
5. Immunocompromised.
6. Men (Complicated).
7. Pregnancy.
8. Patients with associated fever and flank pain.
9. Vaginal discharge.
10. Women older than 70.

Question 4

Does cystitis have a PSA self-care card?

Answer 4

Yes (Urinary Tract Infection)

Question 5

Describe the role in therapy of over-the-counter treatment of cystitis

Answer 5

OTC Treatments should only be used for mild cystitis of short duration (<2 days) or until patient can consult a doctor.

Question 6

What is the preferred treatment option for cystitis?

Answer 6

Ural (Urinary Alkaliniser)

Question 7

What are the directions for Ural (Urinary Alkaliniser) in cystitis?

Answer 7

Dissolve 1 to 2 sachets in a glass of cold water (125 mL) up to 4 times per day as needed.

Question 8

Is Ural (Urinary Alkaliniser) safe in pregnancy?

Answer 8

Yes (but it is vital to not delay antibiotic treatment)

Question 9

Is Ural (Urinary Alkaliniser) safe in breastfeeding?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What is the age range for Ural (Urinary Alkaliniser)?

Answer 10

Safe in children over 12 years

Question 11

In which patient group should Ural (Urinary Alkaliniser) be used with caution?

Answer 11

Patients on a low-sodium diet (such as in heart failure)

Question 12

What are 6 pieces of non-pharmacological advice for cystitis?

Answer 12

1. Drink large amounts of water (5L/day) to help encourage bladder voiding and “flush out” bacteria in bladder
2. Void bladder immediately before and following sexual intercourse
3. Reduce coffee and alcohol intake as tend to irritate bladder in some people
4. Ensure bladder is completely empty by waiting 20 seconds after passing urine and then train to empty final drops
5. After each bowel movement toilet paper should be wiped from front to back to minimise transfer of bacteria from the bowel into the vagina and urethra
6. Drinking unsweetened cranberry juice may help prevent and treat UTIs by inhibiting bacterial adherence to the bladder epithelium

Question 13

What should you always consider in the differential diagnosis of cystitis?

Answer 13

Sexually-transmitted infections

Question 14

How does cystitis secondary to sexually-transmitted infection typically present?

Answer 14

When caused by sexually-transmitted infections, cystitis tends to be more gradual in onset.