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NSB > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

What is consciousness?

A

The state of wakefulness and awareness of self and environoment

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2
Q

Wakefulness

A

a sleep wake cycle, eyes open, motor activity

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3
Q

Awareness

A

knowing one exists, the feeling of I am, the mind’s a subjective experience

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4
Q

Coma is a state of

A

unrousable unresponsiveness lasting for more than 6 hours

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5
Q

What constitutes consciousness:

A
  • brain arousal/activation: eyes open, motor
    arousal
  • connected thought patterns
  • ability to sense sensory inputs: external,
    interoception (sense of internal state of the
    body), emotion
  • ability to affect controlled outputs: motor,
    attention, cognition, emotional
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6
Q

Interoception is located in

A

the anterior insular cortex and von economo neurons

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7
Q

Different States of Consciousness:

A

insert slide

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8
Q

Coma:

A
  • pathological
  • fails to respond normally to painful stimuli,
    light or sound
  • lacks a normal sleep-wake cycle
  • does not initiate voluntary actions
  • eyes are usually controlled: visual threat,
    pupillary reactions
  • may be reversible or irreversible
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9
Q

Causes of Impaired Consciousness:

A

insert table
hypoglycaemia = not enough glucose
dka = hyperglycaemia

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10
Q

Tools to Measure Consciousness:

A
  • glasgow coma scale
  • mmse
  • alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive AVPU
  • the 4As Test
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11
Q

Most coma tools are

A

sensori-motor stimulus and response tests

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12
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale:

A

insert

Never have less than 3; even if dead

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13
Q

GCS<8 is concerning because

A

can not protect their airway
correlated with outcome in brain injury

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14
Q

MMSE, CAM, 4As Test overview:

A
  • multiple questionnaires used to measure
    cognitive impairment, screen for dementia,
    delirium and confusion
  • longer than GCS and AVPU but can be
    performed easily at bedside
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15
Q

Questions to consider when seeing a confused patient:

A
  • acute or chronic?
  • fluctuations?
  • agitation?
  • hyperactive, hypoactive or mixed?
  • therapeutic interventions have any effect?
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16
Q

Blackout and syncope are a transient loss of

A

consciousness

17
Q

Global Neuronal Workspace:

A

particular type of information processing whereby multiple cognitive systems have simultaneous access to the same information

17
Q

Blackout and Syncope:

A

insert table

17
Q

What structures of the brain correlate to conscious experiences?

A
  • cerebral cortex, posterior cortical hot zone
  • parietal, occipital and temporal regions
18
Q

Integrated Information Theory

A

consciousness is a product of the highly complex and integrated nature of the brain’s structure

19
Q

What is the highlighted area referred to as?

A

insert diagram

20
Q

Veon Economo Neurons:

A
  • found in anterior insular cortex in humans,
    apes etc
  • specific neuronal component of
    consciousness
21
Q

Claustrum:

A
  • most densely connected structures in the
    brain
  • specific component of consciousness
22
Q

Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei:

A
  • general anesthetics suppress activity in this
    region
  • specific component of consciousness
23
Q

Reticular Activating System:

A
  • located in the brain stem
  • regulates sleep-wake cycles and behaviour
  • specific component of consciousness
24
Q

Minimally Conscious State:

A
  • wakeful (preserved sleep/wake cycle) with
    minimal awareness
  • inconsistent but reproducible responses
25
Q

Vegetative State:

A
  • wakefulness with absent awareness
  • capacity for spontaneous or stimulus-
    induced arousal evidenced by a rang of
    reflexive and spontaneous behaviours
26
Q

Locked in Syndrome

A
  • loss of voluntary control of movement
  • normal wakefulness and awareness
  • conscious but unable to respond
27
Q

Brainstem Death

A
  • permanent and irrevocable loss of all
    brainstem functions
  • confirmed by the absence of brainstem
    reflexes: pupils, cornea, gag, oculovestibular
  • equated to death of an individual
  • if any are present then the person is not
    dead

Pre-conditions:
- cause of coma must be established as
irreversible and structural
- deep coma, apnoeic and ventilation
dependent
- pharmacological causes of the above
must be excluded
- reversible causes of coma (temp) must
be excluded

NSB (50 decks)

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