Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NSB > Anatomy of the Eyeball and Visual Pathways > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Eyeball and Visual Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Orbit and the Eye:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the bony orbit located?
How many bones does the bony orbit comprise of?

A
  • viscerocranium
  • 7 bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bony Orbit: Location:
- anterior cranial fossa
- maxillary paranasal air sinuses
- nasal cavity
- middle cranial fossa
- zygomatic process, zygomatic
bone

A
  • Anterior cranial fossa = superiorly
  • Maxillary paranasal air sinuses =
    inferiorly
  • Nasal cavity = inferomedially
  • Middle cranial fossa = posteriorly
  • Zygomatic process of maxilla,
    zygomatic bone = laterally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Content of the Bony Orbit:

A
  • eyeball
  • optic nerve
  • extra-ocular muscles
  • lacrimal apparatus
  • neurovascular structures
  • periorbital fat and fascia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bony Orbit:

A

insert diagram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bony Orbit:

A

insert diagram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What bones make up the roof of the orbit?

A
  • orbital part of the frontal bone
  • lesser wing of sphenoid bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What bones make up the medial wall of the bony orbit?

A
  • frontal process of maxilla
  • lacrimal bone
  • ethmoid bone
  • sphenoid bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are the lacrimal and trochlear fossa located on the bony orbit?

A
  • lacrimal fossa = lateral part of roof
  • trochlear fossa = medial part of
    roof
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are the following foramina located on the bony orbit?

  • anterior and posterior ethmoidal
    foramina
  • optic canal
A
  • superior part of medial wall
  • middle part (inferior to ethmoidal
    foramina) of medial wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What passes through the anteiror and posterior ethmoidal foramina?

A

ethmoidal vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What passes through the optic canal?

A
  • optic nerve
  • ophthalmic artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What bones make up the floor of the orbit?

A
  • orbital surface of maxilla
  • zygomatic bone
  • palatine bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What bones make up the lateral wall of the orbit?

A
  • zygomatic bone
  • greater wing of sphenoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are the following foramina located in the bony orbit?

  • inferior orbital fissure
  • superior orbital fissure
A
  • inferior orbital fissure = lateral
    border of the floor
  • superior orbital fissure = superior
    border of lateral wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A
  • CNV5 = maxillary division of
    trigeminal
  • infra-orbital vessels
  • inferior ophthalmic vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A
  • CNIII = occulomotor
  • CNIV = trochlear
  • CNVI = abducen s
  • CNV1 (ophthalmic nerve branch of
    trigeminals) branches lacrimal,
    frontal and nasocilliary
  • superior ophthalmic vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bony Orbit:

A

in lateral zygomatic is blue, sphenoid is orange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bony Orbit:

A

insert foramina diagram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Orbit Vasculature:

A

ophthalmic artery which arises from the internal carotid artery

Drainage via the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

can drain anteriorly into tributaries forming the frontal vein or posteriorly into the cavernous sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Vasculature of the Orbit:

A

insert diagram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vasculature of the Orbit:

A

insert diagram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Infection transmission from the eye:

A
  • ophthalmic veins communicate
    with venous drainage of the face
    and the pterygoid plexus and pass
    posteriorly to drain into the
    cavernous sinus
  • dangerous because thrombosis in
    the cavernous sinuses can
    compress the internal carotid
    artery and hence restrict blood
    supply to the brain (middle
    cerebral and anterior cerebral
    arteries)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Innervation of the Orbit:

A

insert slide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is the apex of the bony orbit?

A

projects posteromedially

base projects anteriorly

(pyramid with apex inward)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Bony Orbit:

A

insert diagram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Nasociliary Nerve:
- function

A
  • sensory afferent to
  • posterior ethmoidal air cells
  • sphenoid air sinus
  • eyelids
  • nose
  • anterior cranial fossa
  • intrinsic muscles of the eye
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Lacrimal Nerve:
- function

A
  • sensory afferent to lacrimal gland
  • ANS
  • conjunctiva
  • upper eyelid laterally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Frontal Nerve:
- function

A
  • sensory afferent to conjunctiva,
    upper eyelid, forehead
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Bony Orbit:

A

insert diagrams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Bony Orbit: Innervation:

A

insert table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Autonomic innervation of the Orbit: Parasympathetic Supply: Intrinsic Muscles of the Eye:

A
  • Edinger-Westphal nucleus in
    midbrain fibers pass through the
  • oculomotor nerve CNII
  • ciliary ganglion
  • short ciliary nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Parasympathetic Supply to Intrinsic Muscles of the Eye:

A

insert slide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Layers of the Eye:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Fascial Sheath:

A
  • surrounds eyeball but not
    anteriorly over cornea
  • thickens inferiorly forming the
    suspensory ligament which holds
    the eyeball
  • encloses muscles: lateral rectus,
    inferior oblique, inferior rectus,
    medial rectus
36
Q

What are the check ligaments of the eye and what do they do?

A
  • check ligament of lateral rectus
    muscle
  • check ligament of medial rectus
    muscle
  • continuation of fascia from lateral
    and medial recti muscles
  • fix eyeball in orbit
  • limit movement of eyeball,
    prevents pupil disappearing
    within the orbit
37
Q

Function of the Lateral Rectus Muscle:

A
  • pulls on the lateral aspect of the
    eyeball
  • abduction of eyeball
38
Q

Function of the Medial Rectus Muscle:

A
  • pulls on the medial aspect of the
    eyeball
  • adduct the eyeball
39
Q

Layers of the Eye:

A

insert diagram

40
Q

The Layers of the Globe:

A
  • external fibrous layer
  • middle vascular layer
  • internal neural layer
41
Q

Globe: External Fibrous Layer:

A
  • sclera: dense connective tissue,
    attachment for extra-ocular
    muscle after passing through the
    fascial sheath, white opaque (white
    of eye)
  • cornea: transparent, projects over
    the iris and pupil
42
Q

Globe: Middle vascular Layer:

A
  • choroid: vascular, pigmented
  • ciliary body: ciliary muscle, ciliary
    processes, zonular fibers
  • iris: smooth muscle, coloured part
    of the eye, dilator and sphincter
    pupillae
43
Q

Label the middle vascular layers of the eye:

A

insert diagram

44
Q

Label the external fibrous layers of the eye:

A

insert diagram

45
Q

Globe: Internal Layer:

A
  • Retina is housed here
  • non visual part = anteriorly
  • optic has two aspects:
  • pigmented layer = external =
    absorbs excess light and prevents
    reflections of light
  • neural layer = internal =
    neurologically functional,
    photosensitive layer
46
Q

What separates the non-visual and optic parts of the retina?

A

ora serrata

47
Q

Globe: Internal Layers:

A

insert diagram

48
Q

Macula Lutea:

A
  • yellow spot
49
Q

Optic Disc:

A
  • retina
  • blind spot
  • cells that are part of the retina are
    ganglia where axons come
    together
  • no functional neural tissue
50
Q

Fovea Centralis:

A
  • middle of macula lutea
  • important for highest level of
    visual acuity
  • sharp defined vision
51
Q

Globe Segments and Chambers:

A

anterior and posterior segments are divided by the lens

anterior segment is further divided into anterior and posterior chambers

the posterior segment = the vitreous

anterior chamber of anterior segment = cornea and conjunctiva to the iris

posterior chamber of anterior segment = iris to lens

52
Q

Globe Structure:

A

insert slide

53
Q

What does this diagram?

A

axis of eyeball and orbit is offset

muscles move more complicated

54
Q

How many extra-ocular muscles and overall function?

A
  • 7 muscles
  • 6 move the eyeball
  • 1 moves the eyelid
55
Q

How to remember extra-ocular muscle actions?

A
  • recti muscles move in the direction
    of the muscle eg superior = up
  • superior oblique = depresses,
    abduct, intort (internal rotation) =
    down and out
  • inferior oblique = up and out
  • levator palpebrae superioris =
    contract to lift eyelid
56
Q

Extra-ocular muscles: Recti Muscles:
- arise
- action

A
  • arise from tendenous ring =
    annulus
  • pass anteriorly to attach to the
    anterior aspect of the sclera
  • superior rectus = upwards
  • inferior rectus = downwards
  • medial rectus = adduct
  • lateral rectus = abduct
57
Q

Extra-ocular Muscles:

A

insert diagram

58
Q

Extra-ocular Muscles: Obliques:

A
  • from bony orbit itself not annula
  • attaches to the posterior sclera of
    globe
  • superior oblique = anatomical
    action from trochlea = depresses,
    abduct, intort (internal rotation)
  • inferior oblique = from maxilla
    anatomical origin = elevate,
    adduct, extort (external rotation)
59
Q

Extra-ocular Muscles: Levator Palpebrae Superioris:

  • action
A

contraction elevates eyelid

60
Q

Extra-Ocular Muscle: Actions:

A

insert slide

61
Q

Which nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle?

A
  • CN IV
  • trochlear nerve
62
Q

Extra-ocular Muscles:

A

insert diagram

63
Q

Which nerve innervates the inferior oblique muscle, superior, medial, inferior recti and levatator palpaebrae superioris ?

A
  • oculomotor nerve
  • CN III
64
Q

Which nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

A
  • CN VI
  • abducens nerve
65
Q

How to remember the innervation of extra-ocular muscles?

A
  • SO4
  • LR6
  • else 3
66
Q

Function of intrinsic extra-ocular muscles?

A
  • control size of pupil
  • control shape of lens
67
Q

Intrinsic Extra-ocular muscles and what type of innervation?

A
  • ciliary muscles = parasymp
  • sphincter pupillae = pns
  • dilator pupillae = sympathetic =
    danger, see more
68
Q

Eye diagram:

A

insert

69
Q

What does the lacrimal apparatus comprise of?

A
  • lacrimal gland
  • lacrimal canaliculi
  • lacrimal sac
  • nasolacrimal duct
70
Q

Where is the lacrimal apparatus located?

A

within the bony orbit

71
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?

A

production, maintenance and drainage of lacrimal fluid from the external surface of the eyeball

72
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus:

A

insert diagram

73
Q

Lacrimal Gland:
- gland type
- location
- structure

A
  • exocrine
  • lacrimal fossa in roof of orbit
  • divided into orbital and palpebral
    parts by the levator palpebrae
    superioris
74
Q

Lacrima Gland: Arterial Supply:

A

Internal carotid artery provides ophthalmic artery which provides the lacrimal artery

75
Q

What nerve innervates the lacrimal apparatus?
What type of innervation?

A
  • CNV1 = ophthalmic division of
    trigeminal
  • sensory
76
Q

Lacrimal apparatus:

A

insert diagram

77
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus:

A

insert diagram

78
Q

Lacrimal Gland innervation:

A
  • parasymp
  • arises forom superior salivatory
    nucleus and nucleus intermedius
    (CNVII) (facial)
  • branches into the lacrimal nerve
79
Q

Retina Structure:

A
  • 3 neural cell types in neural layer;
    external to internal
  • photoreceptor:
    • rods = dim light sensitive
      receptors
    • cones = bright light and colour
      sensitive receptors
  • bipolar neurons
  • ganglion cells = myelinated axons
    form the optic nerve and leave the
    eyeball at the optic disc
80
Q

Retina Pathway:

A

insert diagram

81
Q

Visual Pathway: Nomenclature:

A

info in superior aspect of nasal field will travel to inferior aspect of temporal field

and vice versa up and down, temporal and nasal are reversed for visual field to retinal field

cross-over and divergence of fibers at optic chiasm

optic tracts to lateral geniculate nucleus in thalamus

optic radiations to primary visual cortex = area 17

82
Q

Visual Pathways:

A

insert diagram

83
Q

highest concentration of cones found in the

A

fovea centralis

84
Q
A
85
Q
A

NSB (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions