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NSB > Anatomy of the Neck and Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Neck and Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

insert diagram

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2
Q

Degluttition:-

A
  • swallowing
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3
Q

Lips and Cheek:

A
  • lips contain muscle fibres from
    orbicularis oris sphincter muscle which
    encircles mouth = biggest muscle of
    mastication
  • buccinator is also muscle of facial
    expression which makes up the cheek
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4
Q

Lips and Cheek:

A

insert diagrams

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5
Q

Mouth and Oral Cavity:

A

insert diagram

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6
Q

Trigeminal Nerve:

A

insert diagram

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7
Q

Teeth:

A
  • upper maxillary teeth are embedded in the
    maxillary bones
  • lower mandibular teeth are embedded within
    the mandibular bone
  • innervated by the maxillary,
    mandibular branches = sensory
    innervation to the teeth
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8
Q

Teeth:

A
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9
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Kemporalis

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10
Q

Salivary Glands:

A

3 paired salivary:
- parotid = glossopharyngeal CNIX
- submandibular = facial CNVII
- sublingual = facial CNVII

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11
Q

Salivary Glands:

A

insert picture

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12
Q

The muscles of mastication are a group of muscles which collectively move the ———

A

mandible with respect to the facial skeleton

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13
Q

Name the highlighted structures on the picture below.

A

insert salivary glands diagram

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14
Q

Tongue Composition:

A
  • two groups of skeletal muscles:
    • intrinsic muscles
    • extrinsic muscles
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15
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue affect the tongue by

A

changing the shape of the tongue, superior to the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

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16
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue affect the tongue by

A

changing the position of the tongue, inferior to the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

extrinsic muscles of the tongue attach to bones like muscles and hyoid bone

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17
Q

The skeletal muscles of the tongue are covered by a

A

mucous membrane

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18
Q

Motor innervation of the skeletal muscles of the tongue from

A

the hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

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19
Q

Name the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and which nerve supplies it:

A
  • palatoglossus
  • styloglossus
  • genioglossus
  • hypoglossus

All from hypoglossal nerve CNXII apart from palatoglossus which is innervated by the Vagus nerve CNX

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20
Q

Muscles of the tongue:

A

insert diagram

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21
Q

Food travels through the oral cavity then

A

the pharynx and then the oesophagus which lies posterior to the trachea, (pharynx is the most posterior part of the oral cavity)

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22
Q

oral vestibule is

A

the space between teeth and lips when lips are closed

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23
Q

oral cavity is

A

the space behind the teeth

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24
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve runs within

A

the bones of mandible, provides sensory innervation to the lower teeth of the mandible

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25
Q

The superior alveolar nerve runs

A

within the maxilla
branch of the maxillary nerve
supplies sensory innervation to the upper teeth of the mandible

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26
Q

the inferior alveolar nerve enters the mandible through the

A

mandibular foramen
and comes around to innervate the front of the mandible through the mental foramen

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27
Q

The sublingual gland lies deeper than the submandibular under the tongue

True or False?

A

True

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28
Q

What is the parotid gland innervated by?

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve CNIX

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29
Q

Where does the submandibular gland drain?d

A

directly lateral to the frenulum of the tongue in the opening of the submandibular duct

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30
Q

Where does the sublingual gland drain?

A

lateral to the frenulum of the tongue and lateral to to the opening of the submandibular duct and hence opens in the sublingual duct

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31
Q

Where does the parotid gland drain?

A

in the oral vestibule
in the parotid duct

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32
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue: Palatoglossus:

A
  • runs from soft palate to tongue
  • the soft palate is innervated by vagus
    nerve
  • hence palatoglossus is also innervated
    by the vagus nerve
  • helps move the tongue up and down
    with the soft palate
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33
Q

Vallate Papillae

A

taste buds on the anterior 2/3 of tongue just anterior to the division of the tongue

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34
Q

lingual tonsils

A

located on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

immune role

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35
Q

Tongue Innervation:

A

insert table

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36
Q

What is the hard palate composed of?

A
  • maxilla
  • palatine bones
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37
Q

What is the soft palate composed of?

A

muscles covered by mucous membrane

38
Q

Where is the soft palate located?

A

posterior to the hard palate

39
Q

The uvula is a part of the hard palate.

True or False?

A

False
soft palate

40
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the soft palate?

A

innervated by the Vagus nerve CNX

41
Q

Function of the soft palate:

A

elevated during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity

42
Q

Which of the two arches in the oral cavity is more posterior?

A

the palatopharyngeal arch

43
Q

What lies between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arch?

A

Palatine tonsils
lymphoid tissue

44
Q

Soft Palate:

A
45
Q

What nerve innervates these structures?

A
46
Q

Pharynx function:

A

swallowing, breathing, resonance in speech

47
Q

Differences between the larynx and the pharynx:

A
  • the larynx is cartilaginous
  • the pharynx is muscular
48
Q

Pharynx: Sensory Innervation:

A

Glossopharyngeal CNIX

49
Q

Three Divisions of the Pharynx:

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
50
Q

Pharynx:

A
51
Q

Pharynx: Muscles:

A

Constrictors:
all constrict walls of the pharynx during swallowing and are innervated by the vagus nerve CNX

the superior oesphageal sphincter, opens and closes during swallowing to allow the passage of food into the oesophagus

52
Q

Posterior View of the Pharynx:

A

constrictor muscles are stacked upon each other

53
Q

Stylopharyngeus Muscle of the Pharynx: Action and Innervation:

A
  • elevates the pharynx during swallowing
  • innervation (motor) by the glossopharyngeal
    nerve CNIX
54
Q

Gag reflex is

A

The gag reflex is a response to touching the posterior pharyngeal wall (Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)) and involves a brisk and brief elevation of the soft palate and contraction of pharyngeal muscles (Vagus nerve (CN X)).

55
Q

Internal Lateral View of Pharynx:

A

both muscles elevate pharynx
motor innervation by the vagus nerve CNX

56
Q

Most of the pharyngealmuscles are innervated by the

A

motor innervation of Vagus except stylopharyngeaus muscle which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve CNIX

57
Q

Larynx location:

A

complex structure composed predominantly of cartilage, which sits at the top of the trachea, and protects the lower airway.

it also contains the vocal cords

58
Q

Laryngeal Skeleton:

A

hyoid bone = doesn’t articulate with any bone, suspended by muscle attachments

thyroid cartilage is inferior

cricoid cartilage is inferior and is a complete ring of cartilage, relatively narrow in the front but posteriorly is wide

arytenoid cartilage is lateral

corniculate cartilage is superior to the arytenoid cartilage

59
Q

Laryngeal Membrane and Ligaments:

A

thyrohyoid = between thyroid and hyoid cartilages

cricothyroid = between cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage

quadrangular = inferior border makes up the vestibular fold; running from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilage

vestibular fold = false vocal cords

^^^only in posterior view

60
Q

Larynx:

A

if you see the epiglottis = anterior part of the larynx
rima glottis is the space between the vocal folds

61
Q

False vocal cords (vestibular folds) vs True vocal cords

A
  • folding of mucosa on the quadrangular
    membrane
  • actual straight ligaments that run from the front
    of our voice box to the back
62
Q

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles:

A

divided into from hyoid to mandible and from hyoid to clavicle

geniohyoid is part of the extrinsic tongue hence deeper to mylohyoid muscle

digastric muscles has two parts forming a sling

all muscles elevate the hyoid bone if suprahyoid

sternohyoid - sternum to hyoid bone

omohyoid = shoulder to hyoid bone, anterior to the jugular

sternothyroid = runs deep to sternohyoid bone

just above the sternothyroid is the thyrohyoid bone

infrahyoid muscles depress the hyoid bone

63
Q

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles:

A
64
Q

What type of movement to open up vocal cords by aretynoid cartilage?

A

rotational

65
Q

Which muscle is involved in pitch control?

A

Cricothyroid muscle, contracts, brings the larynx down, tightens vocal cords and brings down the pitch of your voice

66
Q

Innervation of the larynx:

A
  • Vagus CNX
  • gives off the superior laryngeal nerve which
    branches into internal and external
  • internal laryngeal nerve supplies sensory
    innervation to the internal surface of the larynx
  • the external laryngeal nerve travels further down
    and pierces the cricothyroid muscle, providing
    motor innervation
  • recurrent laryngeal nerve is another branch of the
    vagus which supplies motor and sensory
    innervation to the inferior part of the larynx
67
Q

Innervation of the Larynx:

A

insert diagram

68
Q

A hoarse voice may suggest damage to which nerves?

A

the recurrent laryngeal nerves
controlling the abduction of your vocal folds
one side will not abduct, so vibration runs differently

69
Q

A monotonous voice may be a sign of damage to which nerves?

A

the superior or external laryngeal nerve
muscle can not contract
pitch control lost

70
Q

Surface Anatomy:

A
71
Q

Thyroid Gland:
- location
- lobes

A
  • C5-T1
  • left and right lobe connected by a thin isthmus
72
Q

Why does the thyroid gland have a rich vascular supply?

A

Endocrine
needs to secrete hormones

73
Q

Thyroid Gland: Pyramidal lobe:

A

during development, thyroid gland begins in the oral cavity ultimately making its way down the neck

remnant of thyroid gland root

sometimes present

74
Q

Thyroid Gland: Blood Supply:

A
  • Superior thyroid artery is a branch of the external
    carotid artery. The external carotid artery is a
    branch of the common carotid artery which arises
    from the aortic arch
  • Inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the
    thyrocervical trunk (from subclavian)
  • thyroid ima artery is found in 10% of the
    population and generally a branch of the
    brachiocephalic trunk
75
Q

Thyroid Gland: Blood Supply:

A

insert diagram

76
Q

Thyroid Gland: Venous Drainage:

A
  • Superior thyroid vein drains into the internal
    jugular vein, which joins with the subclavian vein
    to become the brachiocephalic veins. Left and
    right brachiocephalic veins join at the venous
    angle to form the superior vena cava
  • middle thyroid vein drains into the internal jugular
    vein
  • inferior thyroid vein drains into the
    brachiocephalic veins
77
Q

Thyroid Gland: Venous Drainage:

A

insert

78
Q

Fascial Compartments of the Neck:

A
  • superficial fascia of the neck is a thin layer of
    subcutaneous connective tissue
  • 4 compartments of the neck surround by layers of
    deep cervical fascia:
    - investing (muscle, sternocleidomastoid, trap)
    - pretracheal (anterior, trachea, oesophagus)
    - prevertebral (posterior, vertebra)
    - carotid sheath (carotid arteries, internal
    jugular vein, vagus nerve)

***prevent the spread of infection within a compartment

79
Q

Triangles in the neck are divided into

A

the anterior triangle which is further divided into four

sternocleidomastoid separates anterior from posterior

the posterior triangle

80
Q

The Carotid Triangle:
- boundaries
- contents (3)

A
  • sternocleidomastoid (lateral), omohyoid (anterior)
    and digastric (medial)
  • common carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
  • hypoglossal and vagus
81
Q

Submandibular Triangle:
- boundaries
- contents

A
  • mandible (superior), stylohyoid (posterior),
    anterior belly of digastric (anterior)
  • submandibular gland
  • facial artery and vein passes through
82
Q

Submental Triangle:
- boundaries
- contents

A
  • anterior belly of digastric (posterior), hyoid
    (lateral)
  • just under chin
  • suprahyoid muscles
  • lymph nodes
83
Q

Muscular Triangle:
- boundaries
- contents

A
  • superior belly of omohyoid muscle (posterior),
    hyoid (superior)
  • infrahyoid muscles
  • thyroid gland
84
Q

Posterior Triangle:
- boundaries
- contents

A
  • sternocleidomastoid (anterior), clavicle (inferior),
    trapezius (posterior)
  • inferior belly of omohyoid muscle which passes
    posterior to the sternocleidomastoid
  • external jugular vein
  • spinal accessory nerve CNXI
85
Q

Lymphatics of the Neck:

A

insert

86
Q

How many compartments contained in the neck?

A

4

87
Q

The larynx is a cartilaginous skeleton consisting of — individual cartilages

A

9

88
Q

Larynx has intrinsic hyoid muscles that act to aid swallowing and airway protection.

True or False?

A

False

Extrinsic hyoid muscles

89
Q

Larynx has intrinsic muscles that all act to produce sound, allow breathing and protect the airway.

True or False?

A

true

90
Q

Triangles

A

NSB (50 decks)

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