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NSB > Anatomy: Face, Temporal and Infratemporal Fossa > Flashcards

Anatomy: Face, Temporal and Infratemporal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scalp?

A

soft tissue overlaying the skull

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2
Q

Layers of the Scalp:

A
  • skin
  • connective tissue (dense)
  • aponeurosis
  • loose connective tissue
  • periosteum/pericranium
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3
Q

Scalp:

A
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4
Q

Aponeurosis:

A
  • connects two muscle bellies
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5
Q

Blood Supply to the Scalp:

A
  • rich vascular supply
  • the most vascularised layer is the
    dense connective tissue
  • supratrochlear, superficial temporal,
    posterior auricular, occipital
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6
Q

Blood Supply to the Scalp:

A
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7
Q

Why do scalp lacerations bleed so profusely?

A
  • aponeurosis when cut perpendicular
    to fibres will bleed more
  • results in more gaping
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8
Q

The face is defined as

A

the area of the head between the scalp and the neck

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9
Q

Muscle Groups Surrounding the Orifices:

A
  • three groups of muscles
  • orbital, oral, nasal
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10
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression:

A
  • orbicularis oculi allows closing or
    scrunching of eyes
  • orbicularis oris allows pouting
  • buccinator allows popping out of
    cheek
  • frontalis allows eyebrow movement
  • occipitalis connects but not really
    part of the face
  • palpebral surrounds eyelids
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11
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression:

A
  • procerus and nasalis acts together,
    top allows scrunching, nasalis
    allows/assists side to side
  • levator labi superioris is medial to to
    zygomaticus minor
  • levator labi superioris alaeque nasi is
    medial to the levator labi superioris
  • platysma is very thin
  • find functions
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12
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression:

A
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13
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression:

A
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14
Q

Parotid Gland:

A
  • largest salivary gland
  • located anterior and inferior to the
    ear
  • parotid gland secretes into parotid
    duct
  • parotid duct:
    • horizontally across masseter
      muscle
    • pierces buccal fat pad and
      buccinator muscle
    • drains into the oral
      cavity/vestibule: upper 2nd molar
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15
Q

What is shown below?

A

Parotid gland & duct

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16
Q

Surface Anatomy:

A
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17
Q

3 structures that pass through the parotid gland:

A
  • external carotid artery
  • retromandibular vein
  • facial nerve (motor) branches
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18
Q

External Carotid Artery: Branches that pass through the parotid gland:

A
  • posterior auricular artery
  • maxillary artery
  • superficial temporal artery
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19
Q

What is aponeurosis?

A

flatter connection between tissues than tendons which are more dense

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20
Q

Retromandibular Vein: Tributaries that pass through the parotid gland:

A
  • superficial temporal vein
  • maxillary vein
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21
Q

Parotid Gland Vasculature:

A
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22
Q

Retromandibular vein:

  • branches
  • drainage
A
  • anterior and posterior branch
  • anterior branch connects with the
    facial vein forming the common
    facial vein which drains into the
    internal jugular vein
  • posterior branch connects with the
    superior temporal vein and the
    posterior auricular vein and
    eventually drains into the external
    jugular vein
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23
Q

Retromandibular Vein:

A
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24
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein lie?

A

posterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle
difficult to see

common facial vein drains into the internal jugular vein

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25
Q

Sensory Innervation to the Face:

A
  • skin
  • trigeminal nerve
26
Q

Motor Innervation to the Face:

A
  • muscle of facial expression
  • facial nerve (CNVII)
27
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to the Face:

A
  • parotid gland
  • glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)
28
Q

Label foramen from where trigeminal nerve branches emerge

A
29
Q

Trigeminal Nerve Journey:

A

Trigeminal nerve emerges from the lateral surface of the pons and gives off three branches.

Ophthalmic branch from the pons passes through the superior orbital fissure to supply the orbit and them comes out of the supraorbital foramen to supply the forehead.

Maxillary branch goes through foramen rotundum and exits through the infraorbital foramen

Mandibular branch comes out of the foramen ovale and emerges through the mental foramen on mandible = sensory

30
Q

Trigeminal Nerve:

A
31
Q

Trigeminal Nerve:

A

insert diagram

32
Q

The facial nerve emerges from and exits?

A
  • emerges from the pons and passes
    through the internal acoustic meatus
  • sensory branches through external
    meatus?
  • motor part exits through the
    stylomastoid foramen (behind the
    ear), passes through parotid gland
    and branches off)
33
Q

Name 3 branches of the facial nerve.

A
  • Chordae Tympani (parasymp and
    special sensory)
  • Greater Tetrosal (parasymp)
  • Motor Root
34
Q

Name the 5 branches of the motor root of the facial nerve.

A
  • temporal
  • zygomatic
  • buccal
  • marginal mandibular
  • cervical
35
Q

Facial Nerve: Motor Root: Branches:

A

after exiting stylomastoid foramen, splits into five branches

36
Q

Can you identify the branches of the facial nerve?

A

insert diagram

37
Q

Bell’s Palsy:

A
  • compression of the facial nerve as it
    passes through the facial canal
  • injury, swelling, or ischaemia
  • most common cause of unilateral
    facial paralysis
38
Q

Bell’s Palsy:

A
39
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve:

A
  • general sensory fibres
  • motor fibres
  • parasympathetic and special sensory
    fibres
  • provides the parotid gland with
    parasympathetic supply
40
Q

Glossopharyngeal:

A

insert diagram

41
Q

What effect will innervation of the facial nerve have upon the parotid gland?

A

Parasympathetic innervation hence will increase secretion/activity of the gland

42
Q
A

insert

43
Q

Blood Supply to the Face:

A

ascending pharyngeal not seen on diagram but travels deep toward pharynx

occipital runs behind the ear toward back of head

maxillary branch is very deep

superficial temporal runs upwards temples

SALFOPMS

44
Q

Pulse Points:

A
45
Q
A

drainage journey:

danger triangle = drainage of superior ophthalmic vein and facial vein into cavernous sinuses = risk of infection

46
Q

Muscles of Mastication:

A
  • responsible for chewing
  • causes movements at TMJ
    (temporomandibular joint(
  • temporalis, masseter, lateral
    pterygoid, medial pterygoid
47
Q

Temporomandibular Joint:

A
  • formed by the articulation of the mandible with the temporal bone
  • has both hinge and glid movements
  • synovial joint
  • BUT has atypical features:
    extracapsular ligaments,
    fibrocartilage articular surfaces (not
    hyaline), articular disc divides into
    upper and lower parts
  • complete….
48
Q

TMJ:

A
49
Q

Temporalis:
- function
- location
- size
- attaches***

A
  • elevation and retraction of the jaw
  • superficial
  • one of the biggest
50
Q

Masseter:
- function
- location
- size
- attaches***

A
  • elevation and protrusion
  • superficial
  • one of the biggest
51
Q

Muscles of Mastication:

A
52
Q

Lateral Pterygoid:
- function
- attaches to
- location
- attaches

A
  • depression and protrusion
  • attaches to the
53
Q

Muscles of Mastication:

A
54
Q

Infratemporal Fossa:

A
  • wedge-shaped
  • lateral aspect
  • inferior to temporal fossa
  • deeper than temporal
55
Q

Temporal Fossa:

A
  • fan shaped depression
  • lateral aspect
  • not as deep as infratemporal fossa
56
Q

Infratemporal Fossa: Contents:

A
57
Q
A
58
Q

Maxillary Artery:

A

insert diagram

  • branches of the external carotid
    artery
  • 1st part is behind the bony neck of
    mandible
  • 2nd part is near lateral pterygoid
    muscle
  • 3rd part is in the pterygopalatine
    fossa
59
Q

Branches of the Maxillary Artery:

A

middle meningeal artery enters skull through foramen spinosum and supplies the meninges

Inferior alveolar artery supplies lower teeth

buccal supplies the upper teeth

temporal branch runs under the zygomatic bone to supply deeper areas

60
Q

Mandibular Nerve V3 Branches:

A

motor branch = masseter branch, lateral pterygoid, deep temporal nerves

sensory branches = buccal, inferior alveolar, lingual

chorda tympani follows lingual nerve into oral cavity

chorda tympani carries special sensory and parasympathetic fibres from the facial nerve (sensation to tongue)

NSB (50 decks)

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