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Comp Med > Comp Med No. 6 2010 > Flashcards

Comp Med No. 6 2010 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Eotaxin1, a potent eosinophil chemotactic agent is produced by both epithelial cells and macrophages.

A

True

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2
Q

The coefficient of variance is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the:

a. Value-average
b. Mean
c. Average
d. Median

A

b. Mean

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3
Q

The ELISA technique that uses a secondary antibody for detection is:

a. An indirect method
b. A direct method
c. The sandwich ELISA
d. Both a and c

A

d. Both a and c

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4
Q

In microbial screening of mice, which among the following has higher prevalence?

a. Pasteurella multocida
b. Pasteurella pneumotropica
c. Other pasteurellacea species

A

b. Pasteurella pneumotropica

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5
Q

Gel-based PCR assays, although sensitive, are prone to false positives

a. True
b. False

A

True

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6
Q

Real-time PCR assays are more specific and sensitive when compared to gel-based PCR assays

a. True
b. False

A

True

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7
Q

Which gene of the Pasteurellacea family is a useful target for development of real-time PCR based diagnostic assays that can provide conclusive differentiation without the need for DNA sequencing:

a. rpoB
b. 16S rRNA
c. atpD
d. infB

A

b. 16S rRNA

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8
Q

Name the two biotypes of P. pneumotropica affecting rodents.

A

Heyl and Jawetz

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9
Q

What is cystometry?

A

A measure of bladder pressure in response to filling.

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10
Q 
In which class of drugs is phenylephrine?
alpha-1 adrenergic agonist
beta-1 adrenergic agonist
muscarinic cholinergic agonist
alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist
A

alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

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11
Q 
In which class of drugs is isoprenaline?
alpha-1 adrenergic agonist
beta-1 adrenergic agonist
muscarinic cholinergic agonist
alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist
A

beta-1 adrenergic agonist

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12
Q 
In which class of drugs is carbachol?
alpha-1 adrenergic agonist
beta-1 adrenergic agonist
muscarinic cholinergic agonist
alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist
A

muscarinic cholinergic agonist

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13
Q 
In which class of drugs is doxazosin?
alpha-1 adrenergic agonist
beta-1 adrenergic agonist
muscarinic cholinergic agonist
alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist
A

alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist

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14
Q

Name two commonly used alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonists that are used in reversal of anesthesia.

A

Atipamezole & yohimbine

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15
Q

Which of the following are positive characteristics of urethane anesthesia?

a. Induces of long-term anesthesia
b. Minimal CNS-mediated effects on cardiovascular function
c. Peripheral stimuli are still able to activate the CNS and produce reflexive changes in autonomic functions

A

ALL

a. Induces of long-term anesthesia
b. Minimal CNS-mediated effects on cardiovascular function
c. Peripheral stimuli are still able to activate the CNS and produce reflexive changes in autonomic functions

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16
Q

Name two major disadvantages of urethane anesthesia.

A

Urethane is carcinogenic and is unsuitable for recovery anesthesia

17
Q

Two traditional indicators of acute myocardial ischemia include:

a. QRS interval decrease
b. ST height elevation
c. QTc prolongation
d. R amplitude increase

A

b. ST height elevation

c. QTc prolongation

18
Q

In a mouse model of ischemic cell death, cardiac ischemia-reperfusion in mice is induced by transient ligation of which artery?

a. left coronary artery (LCA)
b. right coronary artery (RCA)
c. inferior vena cava

A

a. left coronary artery (LCA)

19
Q

What is the name of the rat that is a well-recognized model of human autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease?

A

HAN:SPRD-cy

20
Q

What are the two urine biomarkers may be useful in determining progressive renal dysfunction in Han:SPRD-cy rats?

a. N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG)
b. a-glutathione S-transferase (aGST)
c. glutathione S-transferase Yb1(GST-Yb1)
d. collagen IV
e. urinary albumin

A

b. a-glutathione S-transferase (aGST)

e. urinary albumin

21
Q

What is the function of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)?

A

DHEA is released parallel to cortisol during physical stress to protect the body from the negative effects of prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids; particularly glucocorticoid-induced neuronal cell death.

22
Q

True/False: Serum concentrations of glucocorticoids are NOT always an accurate indicator of stress.

A

True

23
Q

True/False: Fecal DHEA levels can be used to assess the production of endogenous steroids and the stress response in rats.

A

True

24
Q

Name the etiologic agent of anthrax.

A

Bacillus anthracis

25
Q

What is the traditional gold standard for the diagnosis of anthrax?

A

Bacteremia diagnosed by bacterial culture

26
Q

Name the three routs of exposure that can result in clinical forms of anthrax in humans.

A

1) Cutaneous via broken skin: most common and readily treatable
2) Gastrointestinal via ingestion
3) Inhalation: known as “Woolsorter disease”

27
Q

True/False: B. anthracis is a select agent

A

True: requires registration with CDC and/or USDA for possession, use, storage and/or transfer

28
Q

What biocontainment level is recommended for working with B. anthracis in situations that have high potential for aerosol production?

A

BSL3/ABSL3

29
Q

True/False: A licensed vaccine for anthrax is available.

A

True

30
Q

VAP placement using the single-incision, peripheral-insertion (SIPI) technique involves cannulation of which vessel?

a. Saphenous vein
b. Femoral vein
c. Jugular vein
d. Cephalic vein

A

a. Saphenous vein

31
Q

Compared to traditional VAP methods, SIPI is reported to be a significant refinement because:

a. Obviates the need for general anesthesia
b. Eliminates stress of chemical or manual restraints
c. Fewer complications (i.e., infection and patency)
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

32
Q

What is the correct order of lipid metabolism?

a. Triglyceride => ketone body => fatty acid
b. Fatty acid => triglyceride => ketone body
c. Triglyceride => fatty acid => ketone body
d. Ketone body => triglyceride => fatty acid

A

c. Triglyceride => fatty acid => ketone body

33
Q

Newborn piglets and rhesus monkeys have 1-2% body fat. Which of the following are the primary endogenous fuels consumed after birth?

a. Glycogen and body fat
b. Body fat and body protein
c. Body fat only
d. Glycogen and body protein

A

d. Glycogen and body protein

34
Q

Compared to traditional VAP methods, SIPI is reported to be a significant refinement because:

a. Obviates the need for general anesthesia
b. Eliminates stress of chemical or manual restraints
c. Fewer complications (i.e., infection and patency)
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

35
Q

What is the correct order of lipid metabolism?

a. Triglyceride => ketone body => fatty acid
b. Fatty acid => triglyceride => ketone body
c. Triglyceride => fatty acid => ketone body
d. Ketone body => triglyceride => fatty acid

A

c. Triglyceride => fatty acid => ketone body

36
Q

Newborn piglets and rhesus monkeys have 1-2% body fat. Which of the following are the primary endogenous fuels consumed after birth?

a. Glycogen and body fat
b. Body fat and body protein
c. Body fat only
d. Glycogen and body protein

A

d. Glycogen and body protein

Comp Med (17 decks)

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