Comp Med No. 5 2011 Flashcards
True/False: Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus is an enveloped RNA virus belonging to the family Arteriviridae?
True
What is the most common source of LDV infection of mice?
Contaminated transplantable tumors and experimental biological material
What is the classical method of detecting LDV contamination in biological materials?
Measuring serum LDH levels of mice inoculated with test biological materials.
LDV has a tropism for what type of cells?
mouse macrophages that express F4/80 cell surface antigen
True/False: LDV infection of mice results in transient viremia and clearance of the infection.
False: LDV results in lifelong viremia
What are some of the observed immune system effects of LDV infection of mice?
Elevation of plasma IgG, autoantibody production, immune complex formation, enhanced or suppressed tumor development.
What strains of mice, when immunocompromised, are prone to developing poliomyelitis when infected with LDV?
AKR & C58 - strains that are homozygous for the Fv1n allele (also C3H/Fg and PL/J mice)
What components are necessary for the development of LDV-induced poliomyelitis?
1) The presence of multiple proviral copies of the N-tropic endogenous murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) 2) homozygosity of the permissive allele for MuLV replication (Fv1n/n)
What molecules are detected in Northern Blot, Southern Blot, and Western Blot?
Northern = RNA detection Southern = DNA detection Western (& Eastern) = protein detection
N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in drinking water induces what in rats, hamsters & dogs?
Gastric cancer
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen is known as a marker for what?
Marker of cellular proliferation and serves as a prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma malignancy
MNNG induced gastric carcinoma occurs more frequently in male or female Wistar rats?
Male
With regard to animal models of hemorrhagic shock, what is the difference between fixed-pressure and fixed-volume models?
In fixed-pressure models, hemorrhagic shock is achieved by withdrawing blood until the desired MAP is reached and during the shock period, the blood pressure is held at this value by further blood withdrawal or reinfusion of collected blood or other fluids. In fixed-volume models, a fixed blood volume is removed which is calculated based on the animal body weight.
What factors may affect the accuracy of calculating blood volume based on body weight?
The circulating blood volume of mammals does not strictly correlate with body weight due to individual differences in the relation of blood volume to mass of fat and muscle tissue and does not linearly increase with body weight gain….heavier animals usually have more fat and therefore comparatively less blood.
Which of the following are limitations of current models of osteochondral allograft transplantation: a. Large surface area b. Thick articular cartilage layer c. Cost associated with use of large animal models. d. The use of suture for graft fixation
c. Cost associated with use of large animal models.
T/F: Superficial zone protein (SZP) up-regulation is associated with increased incidence of osteoarthritis.
False: OA is associated with a down regulation of SZP; SZP is also known as lubricin, MSF precursor, proteoglycan 4 (PRG4)
With respect to treatment of articular cartilage injuries, what technique is used to restore mature hyaline cartilage and mimics joint biology?
Osteochondral allografting
What is Krogh’s principle?
Krogh’s principle states that “for such a large number of problems there will be some animal of choice, or a few such animals, on which it can be most conveniently studied.”
Which of the following is a familial ocular disease of Dutch Belted Rabbits? a. Bupthalmos b. Colaboma c. Corneal dystrophy d. Retinal detachment e. Retinal dystrophy
c. Corneal dystrophy
Lens induced uveitis is often caused by which of the following pathogens? a. Cheyletiella b. Cuterebra c Francisella tularensis d. Encephalitozoa cuniculi e. Staphylococcus aureus
d. Encephalitozoa cuniculi
Based on their smaller size, which of the following rabbit breeds would be a good choice for ocular toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies when test article is limited? A. New Zealand White B. Dutch-belted C. New Zealand Red
B. Dutch-belted
Which of the following factors account for the relatively high frequency of corneal lesions in rabbits? A. Environmental conditions (nesting material, fighting) B. Diet C. Lid abnormalities D. Genetics E. All of the above
E. All of the above
The MacDonald-Shadduck scoring system can be used to evaluate what organ/anatomical structure?
The eye
What condition in NZW rabbits is characterized by buphthalmia, opaque corneas, and loss of vision?
Glaucoma due to goniodysgenesis of the trabecular meshwork and pectinate ligaments
Mucopolysaccaridosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of which enzyme? a. Beta glucuronidase b. Alpha-L-iduronidase c. Glutathione reductase d. Gamma synthetase
b. Alpha-L-iduronidase
In Mps I, GAG accumulates in which of the following tissues? a. Brain, kidneys, intestines and liver. b. Liver, spleen, bone and skeletal muscle. c. Heart, brain, kidney and lung. d. Heart, skeletal muscle, brain and liver.
d. Heart, skeletal muscle, brain and liver.
Renal failure in cats may result in the following clinical pathology findings:
a. Elevated BUN, glucose and total bilirubin.
b. Decreased urine specific gravity, elevated BUN and phosphate.
c. Elevated creatinine and PCV and decreased BUN.
d. Elevated BUN, creatinine and urine specific gravity.
b. Decreased urine specific gravity, elevated BUN and phosphate.
Pigs are useful animal models for myocardial infarction studies. Name two arteries that can be occluded to induce MI.
- Left Circumflex Artery
- Left Anterior Decscending Artery
In swine, blood supply from the coronary artery is right or left sided?
Right sided (like humans)
True or False: In swine, the coronary blood supply has preexisting collateral circulation.
False: like humans
Why use a swine rather than another species as a model for MI studies?
Pigs have cardio-physiological & anatomic similarities to humans, as the heart size and its weight relative to body weight, cardiac and vascular anatomy, ventricular performance and electrophysiology. In addition pigs have negligible collateral circulation, with each coronary artery supplying a specific cardiac region.
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- <!--[endif]-->Horner’s syndrome in humans:
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a. <!--[endif]-->Is often iatrogenic, occurring subsequent to cervical surgery
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b. <!--[endif]-->Results from congenital or iatrogenic paresis of the cervical vagus nerve
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c. <!--[endif]-->Results from congenital or iatrogenic paresis of the nodose ganglion
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d. <!--[endif]-->Is most often attributed to congenital cervical sympathetic chain paresis
a. Is often iatrogenic, occurring subsequent to cervical surgery
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- <!--[endif]-->Anatomy of the ventral cervical region differs within and among species in various ways. Which of the following is false:
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a. <!--[endif]-->In dogs and pigs the cervical sympathetic chain is most often located in the carotid sheath
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b. <!--[endif]-->In humans, the cervical sympathetic chain is most often imbedded in the prevertebral fascia posterior to the carotid sheath
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c. <!--[endif]-->The location of the cervical sympathetic chain in pigs is similar to that in humans with respect to the carotid sheath
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d. <!--[endif]-->Anatomic variation within a species can limit accuracy of diagnosing schwannomas based on imaging
c. The location of the cervical sympathetic chain in pigs is similar to that in humans with respect to the carotid sheath
What is represented by the following equation: insulin (IU/mL) x glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5?
a. Likelihood that a chimpanzee has a pancreatic insulinoma
b. Likelihood that a chimpanzee has a pancreatic glucagonoma
c. Insulin resistance as estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR)
d. Insulin secretion after a high-glucose feeding
e. None of the above
c. Insulin resistance as estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR)
According to a recent study regarding morphometric variables related to the metabolic profile of captive chimpanzees, which of the following correlations is/are true?
a. Male chimpanzees had significantly higher serum creatinine levels and body weights than did females.
b. Serum triglyceride level was positively correlated with waist circumference in both sexes.
c. Waist circumference was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, HOMA-IR, and albumin in females.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
d. All of the above
Captive chimpanzees, in general, weigh more than their free-range counterparts.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Male chimpanzees, in general, weigh less than age-matched female counterparts.
a. True
b. False
b. False
In what two ways is ectopic ovarian tissue generally classified?
List three reproductive abnormalities that female macaques share with women.
T/F: In the human literature the etiologic of supernumerary ovaries is thought to be embryological in origin
False
Developmental disorders are more likely to be associated with an accessory ovary
Supernumerary ovaries are more associated with transplantation of tissue during any surgery or severe inflammatory process of the ovaries.
