Comp Med No. 3 2010

Question 1

What is one of the compelling reasons for the use of a drug of abuse model in a non-human primate over a rodent?

Answer 1

The pharmacokinetics may not allow extrapolation of data from rodents to humans.

Question 2

What is a reinforcer?

Answer 2

A stimulus event that strengthens the behavior that follows it.

Question 3

In what type of experiment is an animal treated with a drug and placed in an environment with a visual or tactile cue over a series of days, followed by a test where the animal is allowed to freely roam between two environments and spend the greater amount of time in the environment in which they were treated?

Answer 3

Conditioned place preference.

Question 4

What are the signs of opioid withdrawal in rodents?

Answer 4

Diarrhea, rhinorrhea, teeth chattering, “wet dog shakes”, anorexia, weight loss.

Question 5

T or F: Although MNV does not cause any overt illness in immunocompetent mice, significant inflammation and mortality can be induced in mice with abnormal innate immunity.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T or F: MNV is known to preferentially infect macrophages and dendritic cells

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T or F: MNV infection alters glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism

Answer 7

False

Question 8

T or F: In this study, MNV infection was not associated with minimal changes in lymph nodes

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What chromosome is CD81 found on?

Answer 9

Chromosome 7

Question 10

What percentage of the expected births of homozygous null offspring from homozygous null sires were successful?

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

Which bacterial species is the most commonly cultured from a mouse facial abscess?

a. Streptococcus oralis
b. Lactobacillus murinus
c. Staphylococcus aureus
d. Actinomyces bovis

Answer 11

C - S. aureus

Question 12

What is being proposed as the most common route for infection to be established in a mouse facial abscess?

a. Fractures of the teeth
b. Penetration by hair into the mucosa of the gingival sulcus
c. Food impaction in the gingival sulcus
d. Hematogenous infection of the tooth pulp

Answer 12

B - Penetration by hair into the mucosa of the gingival sulcus

Question 13

T/F. The most common location for facial abscesses to form in the mouse is reported as the maxilla.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F. Maxillary abscesses usually involve more severe osteomyelitis than mandibular abscesses.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is the mutation present in both the LES and LE-bo mutant rat strains?

Answer 15

A mutation in the myelin basic protein gene

Question 16

LES and LE-bo mutant rat strains can serve as models for what conditions in humans?

Answer 16

Multiple Sclerosis and Spinal Cord Injury

Question 17

In addition to LES and LE-bo mutant rat strains, what are other rodent dysmyelinated mutant models?

Answer 17

Jimpy (jp) mice, myelin-deficient (md) rats, shiverer (shi) mice, and old taiep rats

Question 18

Prior to the establishment of the rat model, which animal model has historically been used a model of blunt force liver trauma?

Answer 18

Pig

Question 19

In the rat model of blunt force liver injury, which cytokine was found to be a promising biomarker for liver trauma?

Answer 19

Gro-KC

Question 20

Gro-KC is a rat homolog to which human cytokine?

Answer 20

Gro-alpha

Question 21

Platelet levels were found to be increased in the blood after the trauma episode and this appears to be attributable to an increase in PAI1 (a plasminogen activator inhibitor), which in turn, results an inhibition of fibrinolysis.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

To which family does the RNA virus, Human Respiratory Syncytial virus belong?

Answer 22

Paramyxoviridae

Question 23

URT infection by HRSV does not constitute a serious problem for adults; however, it does have an association with the development of what in children?

Answer 23

Bacterial otitis media

Question 24

What other rodent species besides chinchilla show a susceptibility to URT by HRSV?

Answer 24

Cotton Rats

Question 25

What is the genus and species of the Chinchilla used commonly in research?

Answer 25

Chinchilla laniger

Question 26

What is the genus and species of the Cotton Rat?

Answer 26

Sigmodon hispidus

Question 27

Which one of the following statements regarding the article is FALSE?
A. A consequence of social housing of macaques is intraspecific aggression
B. The major lesions seen after this aggression are crush injuries from multiple bite wounds to limbs only.
C. The wounds received can lead to vasodilatory shock which in turn results in a significant oxygen debt to tissues.
D. The current predominantly used test to assess cellular oxygen utilization is the measurement of systemic markers of metabolic acidosis.

Answer 27

B. Among many other lesions, bite wounds are also seen on the face.

Question 28

Which one of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Lactate is an end-product of anaerobic metabolism
B. pH is a direct measure of acidemia
C. Base excess is determined by using carbon dioxide, pH and lactate values
D. Base excess is viewed as a surrogate marker for lactic acidosis

Answer 28

C. Base excess is determined by using carbon dioxide, pH and, and serum bicarbonate values.