Comp Med No. 1 2011 Flashcards
What is the predominant inflammatory response in C57BL/6 mice?
a. Th1
b. Th2
c. Both Th1 and Th2
a. Th1
What is the role of L-selectin in leukocyte function?
L-selectin is expressed on the surface of all leukocytes and is essential for leukocyte rolling at sites of inflammation. It is also the only selectin involved in the migration of lymphocytes into lymph nodes during lymphocyte recirculation, recruitment, and maturation.
What are the pharmacodynamics of each of the following treatments:
a. Vitamin E
b. Ibuprofen
c. Cyclosporine
d. Caladryl (pramoxine HCl)
a. Free-radical scavenger
b. Inhibitor of arachidonic acid-cyclooxygenase cascade
c. Suppresses the immune system by a specific, reversible inhibition of the cell cycle in T-helper lymphocytes and suppresses IL2 synthesis
d. Local anesthetic that interferes with transmission of impulses along sensory nerve fibers
Name two rodent species, common name, genus & species, which provide bi-parental care
The California mouse – Peromyscus californicus
Prairie vole – Microtus ochrogaster
Which of the following does NOT assess stress responses?
a. Glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone)
b. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone
c. Norepinephrine
d. Enteroglucagon
D – Enteroglucagon
The use of 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylhiazoline (TMT) is used in the laboratory setting for what purpose?
TMT is used to stimulate a fear response in mice - it is a component of red fox feces
Metabolic syndrome is a combination of medical disorders that, when occurring together, increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The features of metabolic syndrome include:
a. Hypertension
b. Insulin resistance and Type II diabetes
c. Fatty liver disease
d. Hypertriglyceridaemia
e. All of the above
e. all of the above
True or False
The 2 mouse models of congenital generalized lipoatrophy are mice that lack the genes caveolin or 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase 2.
True
Name two mouse strains used as models of metabolic syndrome.
California mouse and AZIP-F1
What is the genus & species of the California mouse?
Peromyscus californicus
Evidence from rodent models of lipodystrophy indicates that treatment with what exogenous hormone will ameliorate the metabolic syndrome?
Leptin
With regard to leptin, which of the following statements is true?
a. It is a peptide hormone
b. Plays a key role in regulating many homeostatic and developmental functions in mammals
c. Acts to prevent fatty infiltration of solid organs
d. Functions in regulation of fat mass and maintenance of body weight
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
What is IP6?
- myo-Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6 or phytic acid) is a polyphosphorylated carbohydrate that has been experimentally proven to repair DNA damage, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce differentiation through signal transduction pathways, cell cycle regulatory genes, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes. It is also a strong antioxidant.
What are Crl:SKH1-hr mice?
a. outbred vs. inbred
b. from what lab/source?
c. athymic vs. euthymic?
d. immunodeficient vs. immunocompetent?
c. glaborous vs. hirsute?
a. outbred
b. CRL
c. euthymic
d. immunocompetent
c. glaborous
What diagnostic tests are currently available to test specifically for RRV?
None - historically associated with histopathologic changes of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
What is the lesion that identifies idiopathic interstitial pneumonia?
Multiple foci of dense perivascular lymphocytic cuffs in multiple areas of the lung, lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia
What stain is used to determine the presence of Pneumocystis cysts in lung tissue?
Silver
What is now believed to be responsible for histopathologic changes previously attributed to RVV?
Pneumocystis carinii
Which is considered a higher risk for destruction of periodontal tissue: Type 1 Diabetes or Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Name 2 diabetogenic chemical used to induce type 1 diabetes in rodents.
Streptozotocin and alloxan
Do male, female or both sexes of the WBN/KobSlc rat strain develop spontaneous diabetes after 10 months of age?
Male
Name 2 non-insulin dependent diabetic animal models
Zucker diabetic fatty rats and Goto-Kakizaki rats
To which subfamily of the herpesviridae do RRV and RFHV belong?
a. Alpha
b. Beta
c. Gamma
d. Delta
c. Gamma
RRV and RFHV are macaque homologs of which human herpesvirus important in immunosuppressed humans?
KSHV - Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8)
Which virus has been associated with persistent lymphadenopathy and B cell hyperplasia in SIV co-infected macaques?
a. RRV
b. RFHV
c. Neither
a. RRV
What device is commonly used in humans for long term evaluation of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances?
Holter monitoring (24 hour ECG info)
Multiform ventricular ectopy is also referred to as?
Ventricular premature complexes
Currently, what is the anesthetic agent of choice for sedating chimps?
Telzol
What are the component drugs in Telazol?
Tiletamine and zolazepam
T/F - Rabbits seem to be the least desirable species to conduct preclinical research of bone physiology due to morphology of the proximal femur, including a very short femoral neck and small amounts of cancellous bone at the femoral neck, vertebral body and mandible.
True
T/F - Cynomolgus macaques are the most desirable species to conduct preclinical research of bone physiology.
True
Which federal regulatory agency requires that novel therapies in osteoporosis research must be tested in both rodents as well as a large animal model.
FDA
Bones of mice, like those of rats and hamsters, do not have Haversion systems, and ossification of physeal plates with age is variable and incomplete, depend on mouse genotype
True
Fat embolism syndrome includes a triad of symptoms including: A. Respiratory distress B. Skin petechiation C. Cerebral dysfunction D. Liver dysfunction E. A, B, and C F. A, C, and D
E. A (Respiratory distress), B (Skin petechiation), and C (Cerebral dysfunction)
Macaca fascicularis is the genus species name for what Old World Monkey?
A. Cynomolgus monkey (aka crab-eating or long tailed macaque)
B. Chimpanzee
C. Japanese macaque
D. Pig-tailed macaque
E. Rhesus macaque
A. Cynomolgus monkey (aka crab-eating or long tailed macaque)
Because FES associated with bone marrow collection in macaques is difficult to diagnose and treat, steps to prevent its occurrence are recommended including:
A. Collection from older animals
B. Collection during certain times of the estrus cycle in females
C. Collection from the humerus
D. Collection form younger animals
E. C and D
E. C and D
What is a fat embolism (FE) and what is fat embolism syndrome (FES)?
A fat embolism is a type of embolism that is often caused by physical trauma such as fracture of long bones, soft tissue trauma and burns. Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is distinct from the presence of fat emboli. Symptoms usually occur 1–3 days after a traumatic injury and are predominantly pulmonary (shortness of breath, hypoxemia), neurological (agitation, delirium, or coma), dermatological (petechial rash), and haematological (anaemia, low platelets). The syndrome manifests more frequently in closed fractures of the pelvis or long bones.
