Comp Med No. 2 2011 Flashcards
Activation of Ras signaling is primarily associated with what cardiac disease?
a. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
b. Dilated cardiomyopathy
c. Cardiac tamponade
d. A/V block
a. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Western blot analysis detects:
a. Protein
b. RNA
c. DNA
a. Protein
True/False: In Tet-Off tetracycline-inducible transgenic mice, tetracycline binding of the tetracycline transactivator protein results in expression of genes controlled by tetracycline operator sequences.
False: In Tet-Off systems, tetracycline binding of the tetracycline transactivator protein results in repression of genes controlled by tetracycline operator sequences. Therefore, absence of tetracycline results in expression of the genes under control of tet operator sequences.
How do taxanes exert their chemotherapeutic effect? How does this result in neurotoxic side effects?
Taxane-type drugs exert their anti-cancer effects by stabilizing microtubules in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle, thereby interfering with the formation and function of mitotic spindles and cytoskeleton. Another effect of microtubule stabilization is disruption of axonal transport in neurons, resulting in peripheral neuropathy.
What is the difference between paclitaxel and nab-paclitaxel, and how does this affect potential side effects?
Paclitaxel (Taxol) is hydrophobic and has low-solubility, requiring the use of Cremophor:EL as a drug vehicle, which contains a polyoxyethylated castor oil and ethanol and has numerous common and well-described toxicities. Nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane) binds the active drug to albumin, eliminating the need for Cremophor. Animal and clinical studies have shown that nab-paclitaxel has a higher maximum tolerated dose, greater efficacy, and less myelosuppression than paclitaxel.
Name three tests used for evaluation of motor function/neurotoxicity in rodents? Which of these tests evaluates coordination and muscle strength?
The inverted screen test, the vertical pole test, and the wire hang test. The wire hang test assesses abnormalities in balance and grip strength.
Lewis rats are used as models of…..
a) Renal and cardiac transplantation
b) Autoimmune uveitis
c) Inflammatory bowel disease and chronic colitis
d) Giant cell myocarditis
e) All of the above
e) All of the above
The Fisher-to-Lewis transplantation model is a classic model for what specific type of transplantation research?
Renal Transplantation: Fisher rats serve as renal donors, Lewis rats are transplant recipients, and renal allografts reliably develop lesions consistent with chronic allograft nephropathy, the leading cause of late allograft loss in people.
Rats typically have circadian variation of serum corticosterone which ______ at or near the lights-off time and ________ at or near that for lights-on.
a. Peaks, peaks
b. Troughs, troughs
c. Troughs, peaks
d. Peaks, troughs
d. Peaks, troughs (Rats typically have circadian variation of serum corticosterone which peaks at or near the lights-off time and troughs at or near that for lights-on.)
What is the scientific name of the domestic ferret?
Mustela putorius furo
You are reviewing a CBC from a ferret and the HCT is 55%…is this abnormal or normal?
Normal: HCT range 47-59%
True/False: Xenograft involves transplanting tissues from one species to a different species.
True
What is the scientific name of the domestic pig?
Sus scrofa domestica
True/False: Swine are susceptible to atherosclerosis, which may be induced by feeding of cholesterol and fat-enhanced diets.
True
Do swine have preexisting collateral coronary circulation?
No - this makes the coronary blood flow similar to 90% of the human population.
Name three breeds of miniature swine.
Yucatan, Hanford, Sinclair, Hormel, Gottingen
- What is the preferred crystalloid for use in aggressive fluid resuscitation?
LRS - lactated ringers solution
Name as many venous access sites of swine as you can……
auricular, cephalic, external & internal jugular, precava, lateral saphenous, cranial abdominal, femoral
True/False: Acute lung injury is commonly observed in severely injured trauma patients.
True
Which of the following are seen in acute lung injury secondary to traumatic hemorrhage:
a. Pulmonary edema
b. Increased capillary permeability
c. Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the interstitium and airspaces
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
What is the approximate circulating blood volume (ml/kg) for a swine?
65-70ml/kg
After severe trauma, what blood gas value is a universally accepted, clinically useful indicator or tissue hypoperfusion or hypoxemia?
Lactate
What is the most common cause of sudden death in captive chimps?
Cardiovascular disease
What is the scientific name of chimpanzee?
Pan troglodytes
True/False: Cardiovascular disease in chimps most commonly results from ischemia, as it does in humans.
False: chimp cardiovascular disease and sudden death involves interstitial myocardial fibrosis
Name two biomarkers of fibrosis that can be used to detect cardiovascular disease in chimps.
a. procollagen III N-terminal protein
b. BUN
c. C-reactive protein
d. initial carboxyl-terminal telopeptide
a. procollagen III N-terminal protein
d. initial carboxyl-terminal telopeptide
True/False: BNP is expected to be elevated with any disease leading to heart enlargement.
True: BNP levels increase secondary to increased cardiac wall tension and heart enlargement
Name two biomarkers that may be useful in detecting cardiovascular disease in chimps.
a. complete lipid panel
b. C-reactive protein
c. brain-type natriuretic protein (BNP)
d. cardiac troponin I
c. brain-type natriuretic protein (BNP)
d. cardiac troponin I
Which non-human primate is a model for dystocia due to macrosomic fetuses, in that fetal body weight at the time of delivery can be as much as 17% of the dam’s body weight?
Squirrel monkey (Saimiri spp.)
What is a way of quantitatively determining readiness to give birth?
Bishop score - uses cervical position, cervical length, softness, dilation, and fetal head position
What is a method for determining risk of still birth?
Pelviometry - through obtaining radiographic views of the pelvis and measurements of the pelvic inlet, midpelvis and the pelvic outlet.
What is the normal time period for labor in nonhuman primates to occur over?
a. 2-3 hours
b. 5-7 hours
c. 8-10hours
b. 5-7 hours
What are behavioral changes associated with impending labor in nonhuman primates?
Restlessness, altered eating, frequent urination, and digital manipulation of the genitalia.
What are the conditions in humans that can lead to cardiac mural thrombi?
Abnormal myocardial contraction due to arrhythmias, dilated cardiomyopathy, or myocardial infarction
What is the greatest risk factor, in humans, for the development of aortic dissection?
Hypertension
What are the events that make up the Virchow thrombogenic triad?
(1) Injury (resulting in endothelial damage) to the vessel wall
(2) Changes (stasis or turbulence or both) in normal blood flow
(3) Abnormalities (hypercoagulability) of the blood ( last stage is the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
