Comp Med No. 1 2010 Flashcards
- What is the predominant inflammatory response in C57BL/6 mice? a. Th1 b. Th2 c. Both Th1 and Th2
- A
- What is the role of L-selectin in leukocytes?
- L-selectin is expressed on the surface of all leukocytes and is essential for leukocyte rolling at sites of inflammation. It is also the only selectin involved in the migration of lymphocytes into lymph nodes during lymphocyte recirculation, recruitment, and maturation.
- What are the pharmacodynamics of each of the following treatments: a. Vitamin E b. Ibuprofen c. Cyclosporine d. Caladryl (pramoxine HCl)
- a. Free-radical scavenger b. Inhibitor of arachidonic acid-cyclooxygenase cascade c. Suppresses the immune system by a specific, reversible inhibition of the cell cycle in T-helper lymphocytes and suppresses IL2 synthesis d. Local anesthetic that interferes with transmission of impulses along sensory nerve fibers
- a. Free-radical scavenger b. Inhibitor of arachidonic acid-cyclooxygenase cascade c. Suppresses the immune system by a specific, reversible inhibition of the cell cycle in T-helper lymphocytes and suppresses IL2 synthesis d. Local anesthetic that interferes with transmission of impulses along sensory nerve fibers
The California mouse – Peromyscus californicus; Prairie vole – Microtus ochrogaster
The use of 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylhiazoline (TMT) is used in the laboratory setting for what purpose?
TMT is used to stimulate a fear response in mice
- The features of the metabolic syndrome include; a. Hypertension b. Insulin resistance and Type II diabetes c. Fatty liver disease d. Hypertriglyceridaemia e. All of the above
e
- True or False? The 2 mouse models of congenital generalized lipoatrophy are mice that lack the genes caveolin or 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase 2.
True
- True or False? Evidence from rodent models of lipodystrophy indicates that treatment with exogenous leptin will ameliorate the metabolic syndrome and leptin therapy may be a promising treatment for several types of congenital and acquired lipodystrophy in human beings.
True
Which of the following statements is true with regards to leptin? a. Is a peptide hormone b. Plays a key role in regulating many homeostatic and developmental functions in mammals c. Acts to prevent fatty infiltration of solid organs d. Concentrations in the blood and CNS are in the regulation of fat mass and maintenance of body weight, onset of puberty and subsequent fertility, fibrosis and reaction to tissue damage e. All of the above
e
- What is IP6?
- myo-Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6 or phytic acid) is a polyphosphorylated carbohydrate that has been experimentally proven to repair DNA damage, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce differentiation through signal transduction pathways, cell cycle regulatory genes, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes. It is also a strong antioxidant.
- What are Crl:SKH1-hr mice?
- An outbred strain from Charles River Laboratory. This mouse is euthymic, immunocompetent, and hairless.
- What diagnostic tests are currently available to test for RRV?
None
- What is the lesion that identifies idiopathic interstitial pneumonia?
- Multiple foci of dense perivascular lymphocytic cuffs in multiple areas of the lung, lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia
- What stain is used to determine the presence of Pneumocystis cysts in lung tissue?
Silver
- Which is considered a higher risk for destruction of periodontal tissue: Type 1 Diabetes or Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2
- Name 2 diabetogenic chemical used to induce type 1 diabetes in rodents.
- Streptozotocin and alloxan
- Name 2 noninsulin dependent diabetic animal models
- Zucker diabetic fatty rats and Goto-Kakizaki rats
- (Male/Female) rats of the WBN/KobSlc strain develop spontaneous diabetes after 10 months of age.
Male
- What type of herpesviruses are RRV and RFHV? a. Alpha b. Beta c. Gamma d. Delta
- C. Gamma
- RRV and RFHV are macaque homolog of which human herpesvirus important in immunosuppressed humans?
- Human herpesvirus 8, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
- Which virus has been associated with persistent lymphadenopathy and B cell hyperplasia in SIV co-infected macaques? a. RRV b. RFHV c. Neither
- A. RRV
- What is commonly used in humans for long term evaluation of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances?
- Holter monitoring (24 hour ECG info)
- Multiform ventricular ectopy is also referred to as?
- Ventricular premature complexes
- Currently, what is the anesthetic agent of choice for sedating chimps?
- Telazol or tiletamine-zolazepam
- T/F. Rabbits seem to be the least desirable species to conduct preclinical research of bone physiology due to morphology of the proximal femur, including a very short femoral neck and small amounts of cancellous bone at the femoral neck, vertebral body and mandible.
True
- T/F. Cynomolgus macaques are the most desirable species to conduct preclinical research of bone physiology.
True
- T/F. The Food and Drug Administration requires that novel therapies in osteoporosis research must be tested in both rodents as well as a large animal model.
True
- T/F. A second species in preclinical research is required because rodents lack the Haversian system.
True
Fat embolism syndrome includes a triad of symptoms including: A. Respiratory distress B. Skin petechiation C. Cerebral dysfunction D. Liver dysfunction E. A, B, and C F. A, C, and D
E
Macaca fascicularis is the genus species name for what Old World Monkey used in this study? A. Cynomolgus monkey (aka crab-eating or long tailed macaque) B. Chimpanzee C. Japanese macaque D. Pig-tailed macaque E. Rhesus macaque
A
Because FES is difficult to diagnose and treat, steps to prevent its occurrence are recommended including: A. Collection from older animals B. Collection during certain times of the estrus cycle in females C. Collection from the humerus D. Collection form younger animals E. C and D
E
- Activation of Ras signaling is primarily associated with what cardiac disease? a. Cardiac hypertrophy b. Dilated cardiomyopathy c. Cardiac tamponade d. A/V block
A
- It is now thought that cell cycle regulatory proteins to play a key role in cardiac hypertrophy. True or False
True
- Over expression of ________ promotes cell-cycle reentry. a. Cyclin A b. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
A
- How do taxanes exert their chemotherapeutic effect? How does this result in neurotoxic side effects?
- Taxane-type drugs exert their anti-cancer effects by stabilizing microtubules in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle, thereby interfering with the formation and function of mitotic spindles and cytoskeleton. Another effect of microtubule stabilization is disruption of axonal transport in neurons, resulting in peripheral neuropathy.
- What are the three tests used in this model for evaluation of neurotoxicity? Which of these tests evaluates coordination and muscle strength?
- The inverted screen test, the vertical pole test, and the wire hang test. The wire hang test assesses abnormalities in balance and grip strength.
Lewis rats are used as models of; a) Renal and cardiac transplantation b) Autoimmune uveitis c) Inflammatory bowel disease and chronic colitis d) Giant cell myocarditis e) All of the above
E
Beginning 3 wk after starting the experiment, rats fed a high-fat diet weighed significantly more than did those fed a control diet. True or False?
True
Compared with CD rats, HFD rats had significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase and reduced total triglyceride concentration and no differences between groups in urinary parameters, in serum insulin and leptin concentration. True or False?
True
Stress in these paradigms typically is assessed by measurement of corticosterone levels in a. Serum b. Feces c. Organ weight analysis of spleen, thymus, or testes d. Various behavioral tests including self-stimulation, drug reward, open field, and fine motor control. e. All the above
E
Which statement is True with chronic caloric restriction for various behavioral tests in animals a. Activity in the open field increases b. Thresholds for rewarding stimulation are higher c. Fine motor function is increased when animals are chronically food restricted d. All the above are correct
a. Activity in the open field increases
Food restriction (30% less than intake of ad libitum controls) has been associated with? a. Increase liver and thymus weights b. Increase adrenal weight c. Decreased testis weight d. All above are correct
b. Increase adrenal weight (dec. liver and thymus weights, inc testis weight)
Rats typically have circadian variation of serum corticosterone which ______ at or near the lights-off time and ________ at or near that for lights-on. a. Peaks, peaks b. Troughs, troughs c. Troughs, peaks d. Peaks, troughs
d. Peaks, troughs (Rats typically have circadian variation of serum corticosterone which peaks at or near the lights-off time and troughs at or near that for lights-on.)
What is the scientific name of the domestic ferret?
Mustela putorius furo
What are 3 benefits of testis xenografting compared to spermatogonial stem cell transplantation?
1) Retains the 3D architecture of the tissue (2) tissue from one donor can be engrafted in multiple mice (3) removes the problem of Sertoli cell-germ cell incompatibility
- Which procedure was attempted in humans but resulted in high mortality caused by edema and hemorrhage in the post-capillary venules due to elevated pressures?
- Beck II Procedure
- True or False. Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery at its midpoint increased cardiac output.
False
- Coronary angiography was used to evaluate _________________________________.
- Efficiency of retro bypass
- Define retro bypass.
- Aorta to coronary vein bypass with ligation of the vena cordis magna
- True or False. Swine that underwent retro bypass and ligation of the left anterior descending vein had significantly less necrosis than those without retro bypass or ligation of the left anterior descending vein.
- True
- Serum concentrations of cardiac troponin I was used to confirm ____________________
- Sufficient myocardial oxygen supply
- What is the preferred crystalloid for use in aggressive fluid resuscitation?
- Lactated Ringers Solution (LRS)
- Lung tissue from all swine was severely impaired due to pulmonary neutrophil infiltration and ____________ _________
- Pulmonary neutrophil infiltration and alveolar edema
The following things are seen in acute lung injury secondary to traumatic hemorrhage: a. Pulmonary edema b. Increased capillary permeability c. Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the interstitium and airspaces d. All of the above
D
What is the average circulating blood volume for a swine (in ml/kg) assumed in this paper?
65-70 ml/kg
After severe trauma, what blood gas value is a universally accepted, clinically useful indicator or tissue hypoperfusion or hypoxemia?
Lactate
- CVD in chimps, like humans is often caused by an ischemic event (e.g. myocardial infarction). T/F
- F - Chimps, unlike humans, rarely get atherosclerosis and thus are not prone to myocardial infarctions
- Many chimps, on postmortem exam, have variable amounts of myocardial fibrosis, whether or not they had clinical heart disease. T/F
True
- BNP is expected to be elevated with any disease leading to heart enlargement. T/F
True
- Which other primate is a model for dystocia due to macrosomic fetuses, in that fetal body weight at the time of delivery can be as much as 17% of the dam’s body weight?
- Squirrel monkey
- What is a way of quantitatively determining readiness to give birth?
- Bishop score - uses cervical position, cervical length, softness, dilation, and fetal head position
- What is a method for determining risk of still birth?
- Pelviometry - through obtaining radiographic views of the pelvis and measurements of the pelvic inlet, midpelvis and the pelvic outlet.
- What is the normal time period for labor in nonhuman primates to occur over? a. 2-3 hours b. 5-7 hours c. 8-10hours
- b. 5-7 hours
- What are behavioral changes associated with impending labor in nonhuman primates?
- Restlessness, altered eating, frequent urination, and digital manipulation of the genitalia.
What are the events that make up the Virchow thrombogenic triad?
(1) Injury (resulting in endothelial damage) to the vessel wall (2) Changes (stasis or turbulence or both) in normal blood flow (3) Abnormalities (hypercoagulability) of the blood ( last stage is the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
