cold war- second knowledge organiser

Question 1

When was the Berlin crisis?

Answer 1

1961

Question 2

Berlin crisis key points (5)

Answer 2

1958- Kruschev issued the Berlin ultimatum, this is where he accused the allies of breaking their agreement at Potsdam about Germanys future
USA did not want to go to war and therefore entered talks with the Soviet at Paris and Vienna
These both only increased tensions
August 1961- USSR began building a wall dividing Berlin permanent
Wall was a symbol of physical and ideological tension and it came down in 1989

Question 3

Consequences of the Berlin wall BERLINERS (2)

Answer 3

many people separated from loved ones and jobs
many died trying to escape

Question 4

Berlin wall consequences for USSR(2)

Answer 4

Krushchev now abandoned plans ton unite Germany under his control
seen as a negative propaganda image as he had to lock his people in to stop them from leaving as they preferred capitalism

Question 5

Berlin wall consequences for USA (2)

Answer 5

Made them look weak as they had done nothing while USSR closed the border without consulting them
those who wanted to escape communism could no longer do so

Question 6

Berlin wall consequences for US/USSR relations

Answer 6

wall symbolized a failure to negotiate

Question 7

Bay of Pigs plan (2)

Answer 7

MAIN AIM TO OVERTHROW CASTRO
US sent cuban exiles as they would be willing to fight Castro and no american soldiers would need to be involved

Question 8

Why did the bay of pigs fail? (4)

Answer 8

Cuban exiles had little military experience
Castro’s government found out in advance and increased security
Cubans did not fight with them
USA did not want to be linked and therefore didn’t perform the necessary air strikes/ground forces

Question 9

Reasons why tensions between Cuba and USA increased (3)

Answer 9

Castro wanted to remove US influence
Eisenhower refused to see him and instead reduced the amount of sugar they bought from Cuba
Castro took US owned lands and businesses in Cuba

Question 10

What information began the cuban missile crisis?

Answer 10

JFK informed that Cuban missiles can reach the US within five minutes.
He then meets the soviet foreign minister who denies the existence

Question 11

What did kennedy do about the information of Cuban missiles?

Answer 11

decides a naval blockade is the best action, however blockades are seen as an act of war and therefore called it a quarantine to lessen the severity.

Question 12

cuban missile crisis standoff points (5)

Answer 12

Kennedy adresses the American public and announces naval blockade of Cuba, calling for removal of Soviet weapons
Soviet ships reach quarantine line then turn back- US military go into DEFCON 3
new photos show Soviet missiles are ready to launch
Soviet ships arrive at line and there is a standoff
US military go into DEFCON 2 (nuclear war imminent, the highest in US history)

Question 13

first letter from kruschev about cuban missile crisis points

Answer 13

Krushev states he will remove the missiles if Kennedy publicly states he will not invade Cuba

Question 14

second letter from Krushev and events before points

Answer 14

u2 spy plane shot down over Cuba- killing the pilot
Kennedy now encouraged to bomb Cuba
second letter: in addition to previous conditions, the US must also remove its missiles from turkey

Question 15

how does the cuban missile crisis end?

Answer 15

Kennedy agrees to the second letter as long as the missiles in turkey are a secret
Krushchev announces removal of ICBM’s from Cuba and the crisis is over.

Question 16

what happened on the 27th October?

Answer 16

US navy hits the soviet nuclear submarine to get it to surface
submarine believes its being attacked and therefore prepared to launch nuclear missiles
they stand down at the last minute

Question 17

consequences of the cuban missile crisis for both USA and USSR

Answer 17

hotline installed between the white house and the kremlin so both leaders could communicate quickly to resolve issues and to not allow tensions to rise to this point again

Question 18

consequences for the USA Cuban missile crisis

Answer 18

kennedy now recovered his damaged reputation since the bay of pigs

Question 19

consequences for USSR

Answer 19

many soviet politicians believed krushev had been humiliated for backing down, some even tried to remove him
because of secret of turkey missiles, it looked like he taken nothing from the US and claimed no credit

Question 20

limited test ban treaty (4)

Answer 20

as a result of cuban missile crisis
signed by USA,USSR and UK
states to prohibit the testing of nuclear weapons in outer space,underwater or in the atmosphere
an important step to controlling nuclear weapons

Question 21

nuclear non- proliferation treaty(2)

Answer 21

as a result of cuban missile crisis
USA and USSR agreed not to share nuclear technologies with other nations