Cold war Flashcards
Truman doctrine key points (2)
1947
The USA will provide financial aid and troops if necessary to help free governments to combat communist takeover
Marshall plan key points (3)
1947
$13 billion from USA to help rebuild Europe
Aimed to stop communism as it gave people enough money instead of turning to communism in which everyone is equal
Cominform key points (3)
Set up by Stalin in 1947
got rid of any opposition to the USSR’s control in satellite states
encouraged communist parties in Western Europe to block Marshall plan assistance
Comecon key points (4)
Set up by Stalin in 1949
Soviet Unions alternative to the Marshall plan
built up trade links between Comecon countries
prevented Comecon Countries from signing up to the Marshall plan
provided economic assistance
NATO key points (4)
set up in 1949
millitary alliance between USA, UK, Canada, Holland, France, Denmark and Norway.
West Germany joined in 1955
meant that if one country was attacked, the other countries had to assist it
Berlin blockade key points (3)
Berlin was deep in Soviet- controlled Germany and divided into US, British, French and USSR zones
June 1948, USSR closed all road, rail and canal links to West Berlin to force British, French and US troops to leave their zone in Berlin
USSR blocked all supplies into Berlin to show it had the power to stop a divided Germany working
Berlin airlift (2)
West Berlin could not get any supplies due to its blockade, however USA could not pull out of Berlin as it would be seen as “weak”.
USA created an airlift from 26 June 1948- 30 September 1949 in which thousands of tonnes of food and supplies were flown in daily to Berlin
nuclear arms race timeline (4)
1945- USA drops bombs on Hiroshima and Nagaskai
1949- USSR tests their first atomic bomb
1952- USA develops hydrogen bomb
1953- Soviet Union develops hydrogen bomb
Warsaw Pact key points (3)
8 COUNTRIES INVOLVED
1955
a collective defense treaty involving USSR, Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Albania and Bulgaria
a response to NATO
significance of warsaw pact (3)
meant that USA and USSR were now two opposing alliances in Europe separated by the iron curtain
both alliances planned to use military action against the other, including the use of nuclear weapons
Warsaw pact gave the USSR direct control over the armed forces of its satellite states , thus strengthening its grip on Eastern Europe
significance of NATO (1)
showed that after the Berlin Blockade and USSR’s own development of the atomic bomb, neither the USA nor Western European governments were prepared to accept future Soviet agression
Impact of Soviet rule in Hungary (4)
Hungary suffered a lot under Stalin’s control
Food and industrial products shipped off to Russia
Any opposition in Hungary ruthlessly wiped out
Communist rule became very unpopular
destallinisation key points (4)
When Stalin died, Khrushchev took over
Khrushchev hinted that Soviet control would now relax
October 1956- poor harvest and bread shortages meant that Hungarians started demonstrating against communist rule by pulling down statues of
Stalin and local communist being attacked etc.
Khrushchev appoints Imre Nagy as prime minister, in hope that the situation will calm down.
What were Imre Nagy’s reforms? (2)
Leave Warsaw Pact and become a neutral country
Hold free elections leading to no more communist government
Soviet invasion of Hungary key points (2)
Khrushchev dissaproved of Imre Nagy’s reforms, he felt that if USSR left the Warsaw Pact other countries would soon follow
November 1956- Khrushchev sent 200,000 Soviet troops into Hungary to depose Nagy and restore order
