B1a- cell structure (side one)

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

site of chemical reactions in a cell

Question 2

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

Site of chemical reactions in the cell

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

controls the activities of the cell and codes for proteins

Question 4

What is the function of a nucleus?

Answer 4

Contains genetic material

Question 5

cell membrane

Answer 5

controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 6

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 7

What is the function of a ribosome?

Answer 7

Site of protien synthesis

Question 8

Mitochondrion

Answer 8

Where energy is released for the cell to function

Question 9

What is the function of the mitochondrion

Answer 9

where energy is released for the cell to function

Question 10

Name all substances contained in an animal cell(5)

Answer 10

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm

Question 11

Permanent vacuole

Answer 11

Keeps cell turgid
Contains cell sap

Question 12

Cell wall

Answer 12

Made of cellulose
Supports and strengthens cell

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

Contains chlorophyll, absorbs light energy
Site of photosynthesis

Question 14

Name all the parts contained in a plant cell ( 8)

Answer 14

cytoplasm
neucleus
ribosomes
cell membrane
mitochondrion
permanent vacuole
cell wall
chloroplasts

Question 15

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 15

These cells include bacterial cells and are much smaller in comparison.
Genetic material not enclosed by a nucleus- instead it is a single DNA loop.

Question 16

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 16

These cells include plant and animal cells
Genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

Question 17

Bacterial DNA

Answer 17

not in nucleus- floats in cytoplasm
controls the function of the cell

Question 18

Plasmid

Answer 18

Small rings of DNA
Contain additional genes

Question 19

Name the substances in a bacterial cell (5)

Answer 19

cell wall
plasmid
bacterial DNA
cytoplasm
cell membrane

Question 20

Cell differentiation (3)

Answer 20

Cells change to form different types of cells
Plant cells can differentiate throughout life
Animal cells differentiate at the early stages of development

Question 21

Why is cell differentiation important?

Answer 21

Without it our bodies wouldn’t be able to function/develop properly

Question 22

Specialized cells

Answer 22

As a cell differentiates it acquires different sub-cellular structures to enable it to carry out a certain function

Question 23

Stem cells

Answer 23

undifferentiated cells
they can divide to form more cells of the same type or differentiate to form other types of cells.

Question 24

specialized cell- nerve cell (2)

Answer 24

Carries electrical signals
Long branched connections and insulating sheath

Question 25

specialized cells- sperm

Answer 25

fertilize an egg
streamlined with a long tail acrosome containing enzymes and large numbers of mitochondria

Question 26

specialized cells- muscle

Answer 26

contract to allow movement
contains a large number of mitochondria, they are also long.

Question 27

specialized cells- root hair

Answer 27

Absorb water and minerals from the soil
hair like projections to increase the surface area

Question 28

specialized cells- xylem

Answer 28

transports water and minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves. This process is called TRANSPIRATION
Xylem is made of dead cells with cell walls toughened by lignin. Water and minerals flow in one direction only

Question 29

specialized cells- Phloem

Answer 29

carry dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant to use/store. This process is called TRANSLOCATION
Have elongated living cells which have end plates with pores- cell sap can move through these pores in the end plates