CLM_Ecología 01 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. … before fully entering into the issue …
  2. … its antagonistic part …
  3. human ingenuity
  4. the term broadly + equates to X [to equate to]
  5. … its not consistent with X [to agree with, as in coincide with or think the same]
A
  1. … antes de entrar de lleno en el tema ….
  2. .. .su parte antagónica
  3. el ingenio humano
  4. , el término equivale a + grandes rasgos a la X [equivaler]
  5. no concuerda con X [concordar con]
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2
Q
  1. the modern worldview
  2. its intrinsic or inherent value
  3. a series of remarkable technological advances
  4. like perfectly assembled mechanism B.. CF N when refer to a system versus mechanics?
  5. the jump in technological scale supports, even more if that were possible, this vision [vb = to endorse]
A
  1. la cosmovisión moderna
  2. su valor intrinsECO o inherente
  3. una serie de adelantos tecnológicos notables
  4. a modo de engranajes perfectamente ensamblados B. eg cogs, of a watch, or gear teeth
  5. el salto de escala tecnológico refrenda, aún más si cabe, esta vision [refrendar]
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3
Q
  1. it hasn’t been entirely stamped out (or erradicated) [vb]
  2. this also can be seen in the management of … [CLUE; think proved, PAS knows this vb]
  3. priority measures B. adj = critical, pressing etc.
  4. in the near future
  5. the parameters
A
  1. no ha sido extirpado totalmente [extirpar, med = remove]
  2. esto también se comprueba en la gestion de … [comprobar, as in to prove confirm or check]
  3. medidas prioritarias
  4. en el horizonte cercano
  5. los parámetros
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4
Q
  1. are strongly influenced by this influx [vb - to influence or to interfere with]
  2. the emergence of modern science B. is a fig N <- origin vb literal
  3. self-awareness
  4. this idea goes back to Clasical Greece
  5. it’s become counterproductive
A
  1. están fuertemente mediatizados por este influjo [mediatizar]
  2. la eclosión de la ciencia moderna B. eclosionar = to hatch
  3. autociencia
  4. esta idea se remonta a la Grecia clásica [remontarse a, to go back (in time)]
  5. se ha vuelto contraproducente
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5
Q
  1. the conservation at all costs of …
  2. non-native species, eg trees
  3. the disapearrance of undergrowth
  4. the fragmentation of forest stands
  5. this primeval nature
A
  1. la conservación a ultranza de ….
  2. especies alóctonas
  3. la desaparacición del sotobosque
  4. la parcelación de las masas forestales
  5. esta naturaleza primigenia
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6
Q
  1. the mess caused by industrial activity
  2. the division (as in split) between that which is X and …
  3. the anti-war movement
  4. a catch-all word
  5. a secular worldview
A
  1. las desaguisades provocados por la actividad industrial
  2. la escisión entre aquello que es X y …
  3. el movimiento antibelicista
  4. una palabra comodina
  5. una cosmovisión laica
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7
Q
  1. The Enlightenment
  2. the dwindling water resources
  3. the lack of (as in, shortage of) basic natural resources
  4. raw materials
  5. the stockpiling of goods
A
  1. la ilustración
  2. los recursos hídricos cada vez más menguados
  3. la carestia de recursos naturales básicos
  4. materias primas
  5. el acopio de bienes
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8
Q
  1. the term was coined by X
  2. the coastal route (as in a walk)
  3. the context of global warming B. Seen N used in another way, what?
  4. Its thermal and rainfall (adj) characteristics are favourable for the development of agriculture.
  5. the development of outdoor (adj) leisure activity B. What 2 things mean N?
A
  1. el término fue acuñado por X
  2. el trazado de la costa
  3. el marco del calentamiento térmico del planeta B. Also, as in frame (lit) + also framework (fig)
  4. Sus rasgos térmicos y pluviométricos son propicios para el desarrollo de agricultura
  5. el desarrollo del ocio al aire libre B. ocio = leisure + leisure activity
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9
Q
  1. world leaders in visitor arrivals B. What N in exp lit mean?
  2. the development of snow making in mountain areas
  3. climates filiated to the Atlantic [Nb, uses a N structure (not adj), describes climates “dependent on”]
  4. Rivers of the Mediterranean watershed, idea is flows into the Med B. What N mean lit + fig?
  5. Wetlands (deltas, marshes and lagoons)
A
  1. líderes mundiales en afluencia de visitantes B. afluencia = influx, as in large no. + turnout, as in attendance at an event
  2. el desarrollo de la innivación en áreas de montaña
  3. Climas de filiación atlántica
  4. Ríos de la vertiente mediterránea B. vertiente = slope, of a mountain + aspect, of a problem
  5. Humedales (deltas, marismas y albuferas)
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10
Q

Categories of geographica areas in Spain.
1. Lakes and lagoons
2. the Massif plateau
3. mountains [with] exteriors of bedrock and topdressing
4. We’re in the beginning of drought. B. What N usually mean?
5. to guarantee water supplies starting with + diversions and desalination. B. What diversion mean re wine

A
  1. Lagos y lagunas
  2. el Macizo meseteño
  3. Montañas exteriores de zócalo y cobertera
  4. Estamos en el umbral de sequia B. Threshold
  5. para garantizar los suministros de agua, a partir de + trasvases y desalación B. el trasvase de vino = decanting
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11
Q
  1. From the outset, to understand the geography of water one should …
  2. In Spain, the aquifers occupy a surface area equivalent to 40% of the territory.
  3. it can’t provide surplus water
  4. the decrease in water flows (structural) and to the the short-term (or temporary) decrease generated by sequences of droughts. [The adj has idea of relating to a particular circumstance]
  5. “En la actualidad, un 60 % de la población española se localiza a menos de 50 km de la costa.”
A
  1. De entrada, para entender la geografía del agua se debe …
  2. En España los acuíferos ocupan una superficie equivalente al 40% del territorio
  3. no puede proporcionar agua sobrante
  4. el descenso de caudales (estructural) y a la disminución coyuntural generada por las secuencias de sequía
  5. “De hecho, siete de las diez cuencas hidrográficas con mayor estrés hídrico (sequía crónica) de toda Europa se encuentran en España”
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12
Q
  1. the moderate greenhouse gas emission scenarios point to some significant reductions in … B. <- vb = to decline or to diminish
  2. the drilling of wells, uncontrolled dumping of rubbish or draining because they are considered unhealthy areas [Clues; 3 are NOUNS used to refer to the action of doing, eg drilling]
  3. deciduous species - beech, chestnut, oak - characteristic of regularly rainy areas
  4. evergreen species - holm oaks, cork oaks, pine trees -, adapted to dry summer conditions [Clue re conditions think environmental , adj]
  5. and thorny, shrubby and herbaceous species, some aromatic - .that withstand arid conditions
A
  1. los escenarios de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero moderados señalan unas menguas significativas … B. menguar
  2. la perforación de pozos, vertidos de basura incontrolados o desecaciones por considerarlos espacios poco salubres
  3. especies de hoja caduca – haya, castaño, robles–, características de espacios regularmente lluviosos
  4. de especies de hoja perenneencinas, alcornoques, pinares–, adaptadas a las condiciones de sequedad ambiental de los verano
  5. y especies espinosas, arbustivas y herbáceas, algunas aromáticas– que soportan condiciones de aridez
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13
Q
  1. reforestation with non-native species (e.g. eucalyptus for cellulose production)
  2. mountain slopes have been plowed to plant arable crops [Nb a passive sentence struct] [vb = to break up or to turn over, when plow for 1st time]
  3. the reduction of livestock herds in the east and south of the peninsula …
  4. that practiced the natural clearing of grasses and scrubland which no longer takes place today
  5. the exploitation of species, some of which have been heavily depleted B. vb = to over-exploit or to use up
A
  1. repoblaciones forestales con especies no autóctonas (ej. eucaliptos para la fabricación de celulosa)
  2. se han practicado roturaciones en laderas de montaña para implantación de cultivos herbáceos B. roturar
  3. la reducción de cabañas ganaderas en el este y sur peninsular …
  4. que practicaban una limpia natural de herbáceos y matorral que ahora ya no tiene lugar
  5. la explotación de las especies, algunas de ellas fuertemente esquilmadas B. esquilmar
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14
Q
  1. The natural environment is gradually being transformed into an artificial environment
  2. beyond laudable palliative policies
  3. So that until well into the 1980s, there was an almost complete lack of environmental regulations in our country.
  4. At the present time the 7th Programme is in force with “[a] 2020 timeline” (or timeframe).
  5. a low-carbon economy
A
  1. El medio natural va transformándose paulatinamente en medio artificial
  2. más allá DE loables políticas paliativas
  3. De manera que hasta bien entrada la década de los años ochenta del pasado siglo había carencia casi absoluta de normativa ambiental en nuestro país.
  4. En la actualidad está vigente el 7º Programa con “horizonte 2020”.
  5. una economía hipocarbónica
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15
Q
  1. … due to the thickness of the grove (or coppice)
  2. the folliage B. also means frond re ferns
  3. The law 5/2007, rightly established the management of …
  4. However, the ups and downs in this respect …
  5. The requirements for waste water purification
A
  1. … debido a la espesura de la arboleda.
  2. la fronda B. el helecho
  3. La ley 5/2007, estableció, con acierto, la gestión …
  4. No obstante, los vaivenes en este aspecto …
  5. las exigencias DE depuración de aguas residuales
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16
Q
  1. the inland waters (river and coastal)
  2. in cities or “groupings of municipalities B. also means Comonwealth, politics
  3. a programme of using [N] treated and desalinated water”
  4. Landscape protection (Florence Convention, 2000)
  5. Hence this aspect should be highlighted as [a] positive [CLUE: word order slightly diff]
A
  1. las aguas continentales (fluviales y litorales)
  2. en ciudades o mancomunidades
  3. un programa de aprovechamiento de “aguas depuradas y desaladas
  4. La protección de paisajes (Convenio de Florencia, 2000)
  5. De ahí que debA resaltarse este aspecto como positivo
17
Q
  1. changes in seasonal precipitation patterns. [CLUE: patterns = the N]
  2. sustainable planning of the physical world .. in the heart (as in, the central idea) of their territorial actions
  3. air pollution linked to emissions coming from industrial processes
  4. … is also damaging to the environment, causing acidification problems ….
  5. the model of economic activity that has lead to (or resulted in) the crisis beginning in 2007
A
  1. cambios en los patrones estacionales de precipitación
  2. la planificación sostenible del medio natural … en el eje de sus actuaciones territoriales
  3. … la contaminación atmosférica vinculados con emisiones procedentes de procesos industriales
  4. … es también lesiva para el medio ambiente, ocasionando problemas de acidificación …
  5. el modelo de actividad económica que ha desembocado en la crisis inaugurada en 2007