CLM_ArtHist_Moderno y Negocios

Question 1

1. What can say instead: los pros y los contras
2. he was a low-life [but still an educated way to refer to person, ie profe]
3. the idea of the picturesque is to highlight the strange
4. the french speaking part [eg of Belgium]
5. the bell tower, or belfry [2] [where place bell in a church tower] B. what mean re a plant?

Answer 1

1. los ventajas y los inconvenientes
2. es de unA clase BAJUNA [adj, also means rude = soez]
3. el idea del pintoresco es subrayar lo extraño
4. la parte francófana
5. la espadaña or el companario B. espadaña = bullrush

Question 2

1. the pillaging (or plundering) of Alhambra [during the Grand Tour] B.What vb mean if person? if thing?
2. Name for spanish building with lots of little rooms (each with a family) built around a central patio [image: serie, antidisturbios] B. Derived from <- origin N?
3. Formula: Tell us about … your dream
4. What is un garrote? -> B. un garrote vil? C. Why was it a privilege?
5. What N = the canopy held above the Catholic Kings as they enter an outdoor place in old paintings?

Answer 2

1. el expolio de Alhambra B. expoliar = despoil (person), pillage/plunder (thing)
2. una corrala B. corral = a farmyard (gen), also a pen, re pigs.
3. Háblanos de … tu sueño.
4. A. una porra = a club, as in cavemen B. a chair, sit, put collar around neck and strangle you (instrument of torture. C. didn’t leave sign on neck
5. el palio (held up by 4 sticks at each end). Franco last to use.

Question 3

1. indigo, as in colour
2. A. a charcoal brazier B, what else is N = brazier?
3. A. ¿Q es una mesa camilla? B. Why called camilla?
4. What do images of dogs normally symbolise? B. cats?
5. base or plinth (on which place s.th, eg a statue)

Answer 3

1. el añil
2. un brasero de picón B. also a bed-warmer
3. A usually round table with a support near the bottom to hold the brasero de picón. Put a warm blanket over table. Sit around it with feet underneath to keep warm. B. Camilla = a stretcher, kinda to hold the brazier.
4. la fidelidad. B. la suspicacia (suspicion, mistrust) ie el traidor
5. una peana

Question 4

1. But, on balance, I consider it to be a work of art. (also, all things considered)
2. is actually an inversion of what it seems at first sight
3. all the clothing is fetishistic <- fetishism
4. The look is expressionless.
5. I don’t know about you, but to me it looks as if she’s feeling horny.

Answer 4

1. Pero, bien mirada, considero que es una obra de arte.
2. es en realidad una inversión de lo que parece a primera vista
3. Toda es ropa fetichista. <- el fetichismo
4. La mirada es inexpresiva
5. No sé a vosotros/ti, pero a mí me parece como si se sintiera cachonda

Question 5

1. ¿What miraculous event of the Virgin Rosario of Granada …?
2. Reflects the extasy that he feels of being about to return to his father’s side.
3. it’s like an arrowhead pointing at Elena’s face.
4. I imagine that all those aspects were beyond the normal in the Spain of 1997.
5. The obvious is that the masculine figure is absent from the photo.

Answer 5

1. ¿Qué hecho milagroso de la Virgen del Rosario de Granada …?
2. Refleja el éxtasis que se siente al estar a punto de volver a estar al lado del padre
3. es como una punta de flecha que apunta hacia la cara de Elena.
4. Imagino que todos estos aspectos estaban fuera de lo normal en la España de 1997.
5. Lo obvio es que la figura masculina está ausente en la foto [estar en]

Question 6

1. “And that brings is to the question, “how do we differentiate…”
2. In his own words
3. less important … for the rest of the Spanish [2 ways]
4. an image of a single polar bear stranded on a piece of ice. B Verb?

Answer 6

1. “Y esto nos lleva a la pregunta de ¿cómo diferenciamos … “
2. en sus propias palabras
3. menos importante … para lo demás españoles O para el resto de los españoles
4. una imagen de un solo oso polar varado en un pedazo de hielo. varar = to be stranded or to run aground, eg a vessel

Question 7

1. it is customer-oriented
2. the managing director
3. in the mid 1980s
4. Loc exp: to approve s.th.
5. the model had already been rolled out in Spain B. What vb normally mean?

Answer 7

1. su orientación es hacia el cliente
2. el consejero delegado
3. a mediados de los 80
4. dar la aprobación
5. el modelo ya estaba rodado en España B. rodar = to shoot eg a film

Question 8

1. a large influx of suppliers B. What N mean if a small no., instead of a large no.?
2. to couple the trend to sales [vb: to couple, as in to link together]
3. to submit for approval of the sales people
4. … they are sitting next to X, as in another team in the office
5. 80% of its garments are made in Europe. [vb = to make, an object (fml)]

Answer 8

1. un gran flujo de proveedores B. a trickle
2. acoplan la tendencia a la venta [NB a la venta = “for sale” + “sales”] [acoplar]
3. somete a la aprobación de los comerciales
4. … están sentados al lado X
5. El 80% de sus prendas las confecciona en Europa [confeccionar]

Question 9

1. They try to fit as many garments as possible in the width of the fabric. [vb - to fit/put in]
2. through trial and error
3. the manufacturing is done/handled elsewhere [elsewhere, as in not inhouse]
4. we’re not going to make a profit on the garment
5. spare garments are systematically distributed twice a week [vb - to distribute]

Answer 9

1. Intentan meter el máximo de prendas en el ancho de la tela [meter en]
2. a través de prueba-error
3. la confección se encarga fuera.
4. no vamos a obtener un beneficio en la prenda
5. se reparte sistemáticamente 2 veces por semana prendas de repuesto [repartirse]

Question 10

1. …the concept of fast fashion. Instead of predicting twelve months in advance …
2. shops don’t usually go higher than the two large, open-plan floors
3. He pops by the shop an average of 17 times a year, as against… [idea, in contrast to]
4. “… 4 times a year for the premises of the rest of the competition.
5. “… to ask for an appointment. Let me know. (an expression) [Rafa]

Answer 10

1. …el concepto de moda rápida. En vez de predecir con doce meses de antelación …
2. las tiendas no suelen subir más de las dos plantas grandes y diáfanas
3. Pasa por la tienda una media de 17 veces al año, frente a…
4. …las 4 del resto de locales de la competencia.
5. … para pedir la cita previa. Ya me dices.

Question 11

1. Ej. “industria primaria”: agriculture and livestock (more than just cattle)
2. Ej. “industria secondaria”: the iron & steel industry
3. Def: microempresa
4. Def: empresa pequeña
5. Def: empresa mediana
6. Def: grandeS empresaS

Answer 11

1. la agricultura y ganadería
2. la siderugia
3. Less 10 trabajores CON un volumen de facturación [turnover] menos de 2 millones de euros
4. Less 50 tr. + VdF menos de 5.7m de euros al año
5. 50 h. 250 tr. + VdF 5.7m hasta 15m de euros al año
6. Más de 250 tr. + VdF más de 15m de euros al año

Question 12

1. the provision of services for profit B. N = act of providing, what else?
2. the owner is a physical or legal person
3. a limited liability company in terms of capital contribution
4. a public limited company: The partners participate by means of shares and don’t answer for any possible debt with their personal capital.
5. to list on the stock exchange
6. a limited partnership

Answer 12

1. la prestación de servicios con fines lucrativos B. a benefit, as in allowance or perk
2. el propietario es una persona fisíca o jurídica
3. una sociedad limitada en términos de aporte de capital [Hence acr. SL]
4. una sociedad anónima: Los socios participan mediante acciones y no responden a cualquier posible deuda con su capital personal [Hence acr. SA]
5. cotizar en bolsa
6. una sociedad comandataria [hence sociedad can also be a partnership]

Question 13

1. will assume in a personal capacity all obligations and liability out of their own personal wealth [also assets]
2. What is un colegio concertado <-vb?
3. a gentleman, a little loopy
4. The secondary encompasses businesses that transform those resources. [to encompass]
5. If on the other hand they come from individuals B. What N mean if an adj?

Answer 13

1. asumirá a título personal todas las obligaciones y responsabilidad con su patrimonio personal
2. A school exists due to a grant of money from the state (charter school) B. <- concertar = to agree + A price _> concertar una cita = make an appt.
3. Un señor, un poco loquillo
4. El secundario engloba las empresas que transforman estos recursos. [englobar]
5. Si por el contrario preceden de particulares… B. particular (adj) = personal

Question 14

1. The council sent a gang (or crew to fix the road. [a group of workers, also just a bunch of people]
2. El Papá Pio IX fue el Papá que se convirtió la virgen Maria en una dogma de fé -> el pionono de Santa Fe (pastel)
3. olive skinned
4. the moth (something ugly) becomes the butterfly (beauty)
5. weightlessness

Answer 14

1. El ayuntamiento envió a una cuadrilla para arreglar la carretera.
2. el perro simboliza la fidelidad. El gato simboliza la suspicacia (N) [distrust, suspicion] -> suspicaz (ad) [suspicious]
3. piel aceitunada
4. la polilla (algo feo) se convierte en la mariposa (la belleza)
5. la ingravidez

Question 15

1. I didn’t measure the time well and we came up short (of the mark). B What loc vb mean re objects + persons?
2. … and your valuable opinion.
3. I’m suffering from a case of food poisoning.
4. The numbers don’t add up (4 Estrellas)
5. trafficking in women
6. a whicker chair [THINK: Picasso: Naturaleza muerta en …]

Answer 15

1. no he medido bien el tiempo en este cuatrimestre y nos hemos quedado cortos. B. quedarse corto = to miscalculate, as in to fall short (not have enough) or underestimate (s.o)
2. y tu valiosa opinión
3. Estoy padeciendo de un caso de intoxicación alimentaria.
4. Los numeros no dan.
5. trata de blancas [trata = human trafficking]
6. silla de rejilla

Question 16

1. the oil industry and the oil-dependent states [adj then N]
2. It is a bleak (or grim) panorama
3. Against this backdrop (as in, background), … B. Origin of the exp? C. background, as in context (neutral)
4. luminaries such as Robert Schuman
5. its system of checks and balances to manage conflicting interests
6. is only a foretaste of …

Answer 16

1. la industria petrolera y los estados que son dependiente del petróleo
2. Es una panorama desalentadora
3. Con ese telón de fondo, … B. The stage C. antecedentes o contexto
4. las lumbreras como Robert Schuman
5. su sistema de controles y contrapesos para gestionar los intereses contrapuestos
6. es solamente un anticipo de …

Question 17

1. All of these values are enshrined in the 2007 Lisbon Treaty.
2. are constituent documents of the EU
3. with deleterious consequences in the short-term
4. the decision to open accession negotiations with Ukraine
5. it did so in exchange for the Commission agreeing to release 6.5 million euros
6. if in the interim Ukraine ceases to exist

Answer 17

1. Todos estos valores están consagrados en el Tratado de Lisboa 2007
2. son documentos constitutivos de la UE
3. con consecuencias deletéreos a lo plazo corto
4. la decisión para iniciar negociaciones de adhesión con Ucrania
5. lo hizo a cambio de la Comisión acordando la liberación de 6,5 millones de euros
6. si en el ínterin Ucrania cesa de existir