Clear cell Flashcards
1
Q
what is it?
A
most common renal cancer
renal cancer = clear cell carcinoma
2
Q
who gets it?
A
common
risk factors
- obesity
- genetic influence
3
Q
how does it present?
A
haematuria
mass
(HTN rarely)
4
Q
what is the pathology?
A
- Often partly cystic and very heterogenous surface
- Bright yellow tumour surface
- Clear cell
- Artefact of processing - hypoxia of the cells
5
Q
how is it staged?
A
- Size and invasion of other structures
- Propensity for renal vein involvement - can extend into IVC and grow to heart (protrudes into it, not just surrounding it)
6
Q
what are the genetics?
A
- VHL - most sporadic renal cancers - codes for HIF (hypoxia, Inducible factor)
- VHL ubiquitinates HIF
- Low O2 - dissociate and HIF acts as a TF for VEGF, PDGFRB, EPO
7
Q
VHL syndrome
A
RCC (Von Hippel Lindau Disease)
- Cerebellar hemangioblastoma
- Pancreatic serous -Cystadenoma
- Tumours of endolymphatic sac
- Epidydimal serous cystadenomas
8
Q
What is HIF?
A
Hypoxia inducible factor
9
Q
What is VHL syndrome?
A
-Hereditary condition associated with tumours arising in multiple organs.
VHL-related tumours include hemangioblastomas, which are blood vessel tumours of the brain, spinal cord, and retina.
