Bladder Outflow Obstruction Flashcards
1
Q
Bladder neck causes of obstruction?
A
- Bladder neck stenosis
- Stone at bladder neck
- Bladder tumour at bladder neck
2
Q
Urethral causes of bladder obstruction in females?
A
- Stenosis
- Stone urethra
- Urethral tumour
- Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSS)
3
Q
Posterior urethral causes of bladder obstruction in males?
A
- BPH
- Posterior urethral stricture
- Stone in posterior urethra
- Posterior urethral tumour
- Prostate cancer
- Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia
4
Q
Anterior urethral causes in bladder obstruction in males?
A
- Urethra strictures
- Obstructing stone
- Urethra cancer
5
Q
Urethral meatus causes of obstruction in females?
A
Stenosis
Polyp/tumour
6
Q
Vaginal causes of obstruction?
A
Vaginal atrophy
Vaginal prolapse
Vaginal cyst
7
Q
Glans penis causes of obstruction?
A
- Urethral meatus stenosis
- Penile cancer
8
Q
Foreskin causes of obstruction?
A
Phimosis
9
Q
Obstruction is more common in which gender?
A
MALE
10
Q
All symptoms of bladder obstruction?
A
- Poor flow
- Intermittent stream
- Spraying of stream/deviated stream
- Hesitancy
- Post micturition dribbling
- Straining
- Frequency of urination
- Urgency
- Urgency incontinence
- Nocturia
- Sens of incomplete emptying
- Pain with bladder filling
- Clots
- Visible haematuria
- Non-visible haematuria
11
Q
Voiding symptoms of bladder obstruction?
A
- Poor flow
- Intermittent stream
- Hesitancy
- Spraying of stream/deviated stream
- Post micturition dribbling
- Straining
12
Q
Storage symptoms of bladder obstruction?
A
- Frequency of urination
- Urgency
- Urgency incontinence
- Nocturia
- Sense of incomplete emptying
- Pain of bladder emptying
13
Q
Lab investigation of bladder obstruction?
A
- Urine dipstick & cultures
- PSA
- FBC
- RFTs (urea, creatinine, electrolytes)
14
Q
Radiological investigation of bladder?
A
- X-ray
- US
- TRUS prostate + PVR
- CT KUB (Plain)
- CTU
15
Q
What is TRUS?
A
Trans rectal US scan
