Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 2 > Chp 25 PP > Flashcards

Chp 25 PP Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

urinary system maintains what

A

fluid homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

urinary system regulates what

A

regulation of volume and composition by eliminating certain wastes while conserving needed materials

regulation of blood pH

regulation of hydrostatic pressure of blood and, indirectly, of other body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gluconeogenesis means

A

create new sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

urinary system helps synthesize

A

calcitriol (active form of Vitamin D)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

urinary system secretes

A

erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens to the urinary system during starvation

A

performs gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the urinary system deaminate

A

certain amino acids to eliminate ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

smallest fuctional unit of a kidney

A

hron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the three physiological processes of the nephron

A

1) filtration,

2) reabsorption 3) secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where are the kidneys located in the body

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nephrons are made up of what parts

A

renal corpuscle- where the glomerulus starts. Specifically afferent and efferent vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

nephrons are made up of what parts

A

renal corpuscle- where the glomerulus starts. Specifically afferent and efferent vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why is the glomerulus pressurized

A

is meant to help filter things is pressurized because the afferent arterial is larger and efferent vessel is smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is the glomerulus located

A

renal corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the kidney the filtrate is carried by

A

the collecting duct system through the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The urine is collected in the kidney where

A

at the papillae into the minor and major calyxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Renal corpuscle

is what

A

site of plasma filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

renal corpuscle is made up of

A

2 components

  • glomerulus
  • glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

glomerulus is made up of

A

tuft of capillary loops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

glomerulus is fed by

A

afferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

glomerulus is drained by

A

drained by efferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

is?

A

double walled cup lined by simple squamous epithelium

outer wall (parietal layer) separated from inner wall (visceral layer = podocytes) by capsular (Bowman’s) space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens as blood flow flows through the capillary tuft?

What does not cross?

A

filtration occurs

  • water and most dissolved molecules pass into capsular space
  • large proteins and formed elements in the blood do not cross
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where filtered fluid passes from capsule in the nephron

A

renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

pathway of fluid in the nephron

A

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

loop of Henle (nephron loop)

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

short connecting tubules

collecting ducts

merge to papillary duct

  • then to minor calyx
  • 30 pap ducts/papillae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

two different types of nephrons

A

Cortical vs. juxtamedullary nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

location of a nephron is related to

A

the length of loop of the nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

15-20% of the nephrons have longer loops and increased

A

involvement in the reabsorption of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Histology of the glomerular filtration membrane

A
  • Three components to the filter

- From inside to out, the layers prevent movement of progressively smaller particles

30
Q

what happens if you have a proteins, R/WBC, glucose inside of the glomerulus causing what

A

bursting kidneys, kidney failure

31
Q

Endothelium of glomerulus

A

Single layer of capillary endothelium with fenestrations

Prevents RBC passage; WBCs use diapedesis to get out

32
Q

Basement membrane of glomerulus

A

Between endothelium and visceral layer of glom. capsule

Prevents passage of large protein molecules

33
Q

Filtration slits in podocytes in glomerulus

A

Podocytes
specialized epithelium of visceral layer
footlike extensions with filtration slits between extensions

Restricts passage of medium-sized proteins

34
Q

Histology of Filtration Membrane of glomerulus

A

1) Endothelium (pores inside)
2) Basement membrane
3) Filtration slits in podocytes

35
Q

Renal Blood supply flow of kidneys

A

1) Renal arteries
2) Segmental arteries
3) Interlobar arteries - through columns
4) Arcuate arteries
5) Interlobular arteries

36
Q

vessel that long networks from the efferent arteriole around the Loop (juxtamedullary nephrons)

A

Vasa recta

37
Q

Peritubular capillaries of kidneys are known as

A

Vasa recta

38
Q

Renal veins - exit where

A

hilus

39
Q

Renin-Angiotensin System is what kind of apparatus

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

40
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is found where

A

Distal tubule contacts afferent arteriole at renal corpuscle

41
Q

Angiotensinogenase is

A

renin

an enzyme

42
Q

Angiotensinogenase is released when

A

only three times

1) Blood pressure down
2) blood volume down
3) sympathetic nervous system on

43
Q

what is released during a hemmorrage or dehydration

A

renin

Angiotensinogenase

44
Q

Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells

A

modified smooth muscle cells in afferent arteriole wall detect changes in blood pressure (a stretch reflex)

Secrete enzyme renin to trigger Renin-Angiotensin System if blood pressure falls

45
Q

Renin-Angiotensin System is secreted by

A

kidney

46
Q

Angiotensinogenase when released creates

A 
angiotensin I (inactive form)
in lungs ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)  is released 
then you release angiotensin II active form (very powerful vasoconstrictor)
47
Q

why would someone be prescribed ACE inhibitor

A

to combat hypertension

48
Q

what is Distal tubule contacts afferent arteriole at renal corpuscle

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

49
Q

what does the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

do

A

cells that detect pressure in the glomerulus

50
Q 
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
tells the kidneys to do what when there is more pressure coming into the glomerulus
A

secrete more water

51
Q

two cells at the efferent arterials Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

A

macula densa

and JG

52
Q

cells work together to regulate blood pressure and blood volume

A

Both JG and MD

53
Q

What does the D in VItamin D stand for

A

dicholecalciferol

54
Q

dicholecalciferol is

A

vitamin d

55
Q

kidneys can activate what in Vitamin D

A

calciferol

56
Q

stimulate JG cells to

A

release renin if filtrate is too dilute, indicating insufficient filtration and/or low blood pressure/low blood volume

57
Q

Macula Densa (MD) cells

A

special cells in the wall of the distal tubule in this area monitor the osmotic potential in the filtrate in the distal tubule

58
Q

Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells are

A

modified smooth muscle cells in afferent arteriole wall detect changes in blood pressure (a stretch reflex)

59
Q

Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells secrete

A

enzyme renin to trigger Renin-Angiotensin System if blood pressure falls

60
Q

diabetes insipidis is

A

clear.
-lack of ADH (Anti diuretic hormone)
-happens if you are an alcoholic
not reabsorbing anything, causes you to be dehydrated
-Can create more ADH but can hurt the kidneys permanently

61
Q

What is the role of sympathetic stimulation on renal blood flow?

A

In “Fight or Flight” or muscular exertion:

  • decrease renal arterial flow
  • decrease urine production
  • maintain blood volume
  • increase systemic blood pressure
62
Q

Glomerular filtration is the

A

first step in urine formation

63
Q

Glomerular filtration

A

-forcing of fluids and dissolved solutes through membrane by hydrostatic pressure
-same process as in systemic capillaries
results in a filtrate
180 L/day, about 60 times plasma volume

64
Q

lack of ADH causes

A

diabetes insipidis

65
Q

acidosis

A

increased H ions

66
Q

Cells of the renal tubule can elevate blood pH in 3 ways:

A

Secrete H+ ions into the filtrate
Reabsorb filtered HCO3-
Produce more HCO3

67
Q

is a toxic waste absorbed from bacterial metabolism in the large intestine and ammonia is generated from the deamination of amino acids in the liver

A

Ammonia

68
Q

Liver converts ammonia to

A

urea

69
Q

cells can also deaminate certain amino acids and secrete additional NH4+ with a Na+/NH4+ antiporter when blood pH becomes acidic

A

PCT (proximal convoluted tubule)

70
Q

PCT (proximal convoluted tubule) reabsorbs

A

nutrients, electrolytes, and water

Bio 2 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions