Chp 21 Class Recording Flashcards
Is vasoconstriction or vasodilation occurring during inflammation
vasodilation
luekocyte where a majority of the cell is the nucleus
lymphocyte
what causes vasodilation
basophils release histamine, promoting inflammation and also has the ability to vasodialate in the area due to other protein markers called chynins prostaglandins and luekotrians
chynins prostaglandins and luekotrians cause
inflammation
causes permeability of blood vessel to increase so WBC can get into the surrounding tissues
vasodilation
Why does a bee sting swell up so bad
to create a barrier through vasodilation so it doesn’t spread to the rest of the circulatory system
swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in your body’s tissues.
edema
antimicrobial proteins are a part of what immune system
innate
are your antibodies
b cells
are your soilders that come from the thymus
t cells
t cells and b cells are on what side
acquired
second line of defense
innate
attack the microorganism/ pathogens directly
antimicrobial protein
the most important antimicrobials we have all go through
a different mechanism of how they do that fight
examples of different ways antimicrobials fight
interferons
a blocker that does not allow the virus to reproduce
interferon
a totally foreign material with no DNA to reproduce
virus
what does a virus need to reproduce
your dna
what virus does your cell not even recognize that its there
HIV
how do interferons works
when a virus enters the cell, instead of a new virus being able to reproduce it says my interferon genes turn on in that cells and within that DNA that virus is going to use i also have interferon molecules produced so the virus takes those blockers with it. Then he virus can’t exit the cell due to the blockers and then the cell dies.
blocks viral reproduction
interferon
c blocker
interferon
an alpha interferon is created
in a lab
part of the medication for hepatitis c and herpes
alpha interferon
what does an interferon do
blocks reproduction
interferon is useless for
bacteria
proteins that have iron in them that bind to iron free floating in our plasma.
transferons
what uses our own iron to reproduce
bacteria
When we bind to iron we
inhibit bacterial growth
if we have transferons in our blood what does that mean
that it will be harder for bacteria to attach and reproduce
how many plasma proteins are there floating around in our bodies at all times as inactive elements
20
complement system enhances
every single part of your immune system. Both sides
complement system is designed to
kill all kinds of bacteria and other microbial, or parasites
Interferons deal with
viruses
what does chemotaxis mean
poison rods
what stimulates chemotaxis in all your luekocytes and enhances everything
complement system
killing with poisonn is done by
chemotaxis
in the complement system there are what pathways
classical and alternate
the key to the ignition is your
c1- compliment 1
P, B and D factors that can get a fight started a part of which pathway
alternate
C1 is a part of which pathway
classical
enzyme cascade is made up of
P, B and D factors
C1, C2 and C4 come together to make
C3
goes through a series of events and turns into MAC (membrane attack complex)
C3
when C3 turns into MAC what happens
the cell dies and so does C3, but the bacteria doesn’t spread
classic pathway takes C1 C2 and C4 and
converts it in to C3
compliment that goes through a series of events to create more compliments that come together creating your Membrane Attack Complex
C3
MAC does what
inserts holes in the membrane causing it to collapse
what things does C3 do at the same time creating MAC
opsonization
C3 sugarcoating all the bacteria is called
opsonization
why does opsonization occur
so phagocytes come in and want to eat them
what happens immediately after you start the compliment system
inflammation, histamine, thymins, phostaglandins… all going to be affected because there is an active fight
when are these not a good thing inflammation, histamine, thymins, phostaglandins…
if they are at a rate where our body cannot keep up
Lowered immune system means…. what for the body
it takes it longer to heal
alternative pathway is what letters
PBD
ingest, process and display the antigen on their cell surfaces
macrophages
macrophages that present antigen fragments on their cells are called
antigen presenting cells
forgein material is called
pathogen
pathogen enters the body, free floating macrophages do what
ingest the pathogen
where are free floating macrophages found
in our circulatory system and tissues
once the macrophage ingests the pathogen what does it do
the macrophage displays fragments of the pathogens protein
when a macrophage displays fragments of the pathogens protein what is it called
an antigen presenting cell
what is an antigen presenting cell
a macrophage that displays fragments of a pathogens protein
what does your APC - antigen presenting cell triggers
the entire adaptive or acquired immune response
what triggers an immune response
a pathogen entering the body
what is an antigen presenting macrophage interacts with what
t4 helper cell that can recognize the same antigen during the interact the macrophage releases a chemical alarm signal
simple definition of an antigen
an ID marker
the only immune cell that we have to recognize an antigen and read it is
Cytotoxic or T cells
another name for T cells is
cytotoxic
only cells that we have that are reading and killing
cytotoxic
What reads the antigen on the APC and sends the alarm (Interluken)
the T4 helper cell
causes the proliferation of certain cytotoxic T cells
interluekon, being released by T4 helper cell
causes the proliferation of certain cytotoxic T cells
interluekon, being released by T4 helper cell
fighter cells are
cytotoxic
blood, plasma, antibodies are….
B cells
normal cells of the body can also….
ingest the pathogens and display antigens on their cells surfaces
killing by chemicals is
chemotaxis
how is the pathogen destroyed
through chemotaxis
an immune response is not produced when
a cell already has an antigens placed on it.
the whole purpose of “the fight” is to
produce antibodies
released directly into the blood stream
humoral
where are bcells secreted
blood stream, where they produce antibodies
whole purpose of an antibody
is to attach to an antigen so we don’t have an immune response
made of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains
antibody
why are antibodies different for every single virus
because each cell only makes one specific type of antibody
what produce antibodies
b cells
who alerts the body first about pathogens
macrophages
CD4 and T4 cells
read and send off the interluken to alert T8 cells (soldiers, cytotoxic)
why is anaphylactic shock so serious
cuts off airway and ends up shutting down organs, body thinks that it cannot create an antigen for it
