Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 2 > Chp 21 Class Recording > Flashcards

Chp 21 Class Recording Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Is vasoconstriction or vasodilation occurring during inflammation

A

vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

luekocyte where a majority of the cell is the nucleus

A

lymphocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what causes vasodilation

A

basophils release histamine, promoting inflammation and also has the ability to vasodialate in the area due to other protein markers called chynins prostaglandins and luekotrians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chynins prostaglandins and luekotrians cause

A

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

causes permeability of blood vessel to increase so WBC can get into the surrounding tissues

A

vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why does a bee sting swell up so bad

A

to create a barrier through vasodilation so it doesn’t spread to the rest of the circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in your body’s tissues.

A

edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

antimicrobial proteins are a part of what immune system

A

innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

are your antibodies

A

b cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

are your soilders that come from the thymus

A

t cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

t cells and b cells are on what side

A

acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

second line of defense

A

innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

attack the microorganism/ pathogens directly

A

antimicrobial protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the most important antimicrobials we have all go through

A

a different mechanism of how they do that fight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

examples of different ways antimicrobials fight

A

interferons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a blocker that does not allow the virus to reproduce

A

interferon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

a totally foreign material with no DNA to reproduce

A

virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does a virus need to reproduce

A

your dna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what virus does your cell not even recognize that its there

A

HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how do interferons works

A

when a virus enters the cell, instead of a new virus being able to reproduce it says my interferon genes turn on in that cells and within that DNA that virus is going to use i also have interferon molecules produced so the virus takes those blockers with it. Then he virus can’t exit the cell due to the blockers and then the cell dies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

blocks viral reproduction

A

interferon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

c blocker

A

interferon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

an alpha interferon is created

A

in a lab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

part of the medication for hepatitis c and herpes

A

alpha interferon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does an interferon do

A

blocks reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

interferon is useless for

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

proteins that have iron in them that bind to iron free floating in our plasma.

A

transferons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what uses our own iron to reproduce

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When we bind to iron we

A

inhibit bacterial growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

if we have transferons in our blood what does that mean

A

that it will be harder for bacteria to attach and reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how many plasma proteins are there floating around in our bodies at all times as inactive elements

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

complement system enhances

A

every single part of your immune system. Both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

complement system is designed to

A

kill all kinds of bacteria and other microbial, or parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Interferons deal with

A

viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what does chemotaxis mean

A

poison rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what stimulates chemotaxis in all your luekocytes and enhances everything

A

complement system

37
Q

killing with poisonn is done by

A

chemotaxis

38
Q

in the complement system there are what pathways

A

classical and alternate

39
Q

the key to the ignition is your

A

c1- compliment 1

40
Q

P, B and D factors that can get a fight started a part of which pathway

A

alternate

41
Q

C1 is a part of which pathway

A

classical

42
Q

enzyme cascade is made up of

A

P, B and D factors

43
Q

C1, C2 and C4 come together to make

A

C3

44
Q

goes through a series of events and turns into MAC (membrane attack complex)

A

C3

45
Q

when C3 turns into MAC what happens

A

the cell dies and so does C3, but the bacteria doesn’t spread

46
Q

classic pathway takes C1 C2 and C4 and

A

converts it in to C3

47
Q

compliment that goes through a series of events to create more compliments that come together creating your Membrane Attack Complex

A

C3

48
Q

MAC does what

A

inserts holes in the membrane causing it to collapse

49
Q

what things does C3 do at the same time creating MAC

A

opsonization

50
Q

C3 sugarcoating all the bacteria is called

A

opsonization

51
Q

why does opsonization occur

A

so phagocytes come in and want to eat them

52
Q

what happens immediately after you start the compliment system

A

inflammation, histamine, thymins, phostaglandins… all going to be affected because there is an active fight

53
Q

when are these not a good thing inflammation, histamine, thymins, phostaglandins…

A

if they are at a rate where our body cannot keep up

54
Q

Lowered immune system means…. what for the body

A

it takes it longer to heal

55
Q

alternative pathway is what letters

A

PBD

56
Q

ingest, process and display the antigen on their cell surfaces

A

macrophages

57
Q

macrophages that present antigen fragments on their cells are called

A

antigen presenting cells

58
Q

forgein material is called

A

pathogen

59
Q

pathogen enters the body, free floating macrophages do what

A

ingest the pathogen

60
Q

where are free floating macrophages found

A

in our circulatory system and tissues

61
Q

once the macrophage ingests the pathogen what does it do

A

the macrophage displays fragments of the pathogens protein

62
Q

when a macrophage displays fragments of the pathogens protein what is it called

A

an antigen presenting cell

63
Q

what is an antigen presenting cell

A

a macrophage that displays fragments of a pathogens protein

64
Q

what does your APC - antigen presenting cell triggers

A

the entire adaptive or acquired immune response

65
Q

what triggers an immune response

A

a pathogen entering the body

66
Q

what is an antigen presenting macrophage interacts with what

A

t4 helper cell that can recognize the same antigen during the interact the macrophage releases a chemical alarm signal

67
Q

simple definition of an antigen

A

an ID marker

68
Q

the only immune cell that we have to recognize an antigen and read it is

A

Cytotoxic or T cells

69
Q

another name for T cells is

A

cytotoxic

70
Q

only cells that we have that are reading and killing

A

cytotoxic

71
Q

What reads the antigen on the APC and sends the alarm (Interluken)

A

the T4 helper cell

72
Q

causes the proliferation of certain cytotoxic T cells

A

interluekon, being released by T4 helper cell

73
Q

causes the proliferation of certain cytotoxic T cells

A

interluekon, being released by T4 helper cell

74
Q

fighter cells are

A

cytotoxic

75
Q

blood, plasma, antibodies are….

A

B cells

76
Q

normal cells of the body can also….

A

ingest the pathogens and display antigens on their cells surfaces

77
Q

killing by chemicals is

A

chemotaxis

78
Q

how is the pathogen destroyed

A

through chemotaxis

79
Q

an immune response is not produced when

A

a cell already has an antigens placed on it.

80
Q

the whole purpose of “the fight” is to

A

produce antibodies

81
Q

released directly into the blood stream

A

humoral

82
Q

where are bcells secreted

A

blood stream, where they produce antibodies

83
Q

whole purpose of an antibody

A

is to attach to an antigen so we don’t have an immune response

84
Q

made of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains

A

antibody

85
Q

why are antibodies different for every single virus

A

because each cell only makes one specific type of antibody

86
Q

what produce antibodies

A

b cells

87
Q

who alerts the body first about pathogens

A

macrophages

88
Q

CD4 and T4 cells

A

read and send off the interluken to alert T8 cells (soldiers, cytotoxic)

89
Q

why is anaphylactic shock so serious

A

cuts off airway and ends up shutting down organs, body thinks that it cannot create an antigen for it

Bio 2 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions