chp 18 Flashcards
Right and Left atrium are superior to
right and left ventricle
atriums on the heart are what to ventricles on the heart
superior
how many chambers of the heart are there
4
doors on the chambers are called
valves
what cavity does your heart lie in
thoracic
mediastinum
pericardial cavity
tough fiburous covering over the heart
pericardium
what is the space between the pericardium and heart
pericardial space or cavity
internal layer on the heart for protection
epicardium
inside the heart covering the internal walls of atrium and ventricles
endocardium
myocardium
muscle contracts the heart
the sac containing the heart
pericardium
outer
middle
inner
layers of the heart
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
inflammation of the pericardium due to fluid or anything else that would fill that space
pericarditis
a build up of pericardial fluid or internal bleeding that fills up the pericardial cavity
cardiac tamponade
cardiac tamponade may result in
cardiac failure
where does the heart lie in relation to the sternum
posterior to it
sturdy fiborous connective tissue that holds the heart in place and reduces friction
pericardium
visceral layer of the pericardium
epi
myo
endo
what is the heart there for
circulating blood
delivering oxygen
two main places the heart goes to
the lungs
the rest of the body
lungs are what
and rest of body is what in regards to the body
pulmonary
systemic
any vessel that goes away from the heart is an
artery
any vessel that goes back to the heart
veins
what is the central unit
the heart
three main vessels that come back to the heart
veins
1) superior vena cava (everything draining from above the heart. ex head)
2) inferior vena cava (anything below the heart, bigger)
3) coronary sinus (pumps to the myocardium)
does the myocardium of the heart need oxygen to survive
yes, coronary sinus coming back to the heart
what do the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus all have in common and what route do they take
the are all deoxygenated, drain back into the heart through the right atrium,
pulmonary trunk is what kind of vessel
artery
veins go
arteries go
back
away
pathway of deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood
-right atrium to
-tricuspid valve to
-right ventricle to
-pulmonary semilunar valve to
-pulmonary trunk to
-right and left pulmonary artery.
O2 in lungs to
-pulmonary veins to
-left atrium to
-bicuspid valve to
-left ventricle to
-aortic semilunar valve
-Aorta to
-rest of body
-O2 to the heart
the left side of the heart is responsible for taking blood to
the rest of the body
the right side of heart is responsible for taking blood to
the lungs
highest pressurized vessel leaving the heart
aorta
which side of the heart needs more pressure
left
exit valves are always
semi lunar
pulmonary semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve
internal valves are always your cusps
cusps
tricuspid
bicuspid
what is the thickest myocardium in the whole heart
left ventricle
what has its own blood supply in the heart
myocardium
collateral circulation
duplication of supply routes and anastomoses (crossedlinked connections)
coronary vessels
do nothing but supply the heart itself
branches of vessels covering the heart
anastomoses
arteries first branch off where
the aorta
blood moves more easily in the myocardium when
its relaxed between beats (diastole)
widow maker
anterior interventricular artery, because if you have a blockage there you’re not coming back
what arteries do the branching (anastamoses) on the myocardium of the heart
coronary arteries
classic chest pain due to myocardial ischemia (oxygen starvation of the tissues)
angina pectoris
myocardial ischemia
(oxygen starvation of the tissues) can be silent and pain will be referred to arms or back
what is a heart attack known as
myocardial infarction
infarct means
blockage and anything distal of that blockage dies
function to prevent backflow of blood into the heart
valves
open and close in response to changes in pressure
valves
four key valves
tri and bi cuspid
semi lunar valves
close the entry points to atria
valves
chest pain
angina
heart attack
myocardial
the heart supplying itself is called
perfusion
bypass surgery is called
angioplasty
anything that attaches itself to a free radical
antioxidant
restablishing blood flow may damage tissue is called
reperfusion damage
vitamins ACE do what
antioxidants
valve structure has dense connective tissue covered by
endocardium
AV valves
chordae tendineae-
thin fibrous cords
connect valves to papillary muscle
connect valves to papillary muscles
most common place for regurgitation of a valve is
a (mitral) bicuspid valve
what side is the bicuspid (mitral) valve on
left side
murmurs happen
mitral valve (bicuspid)
tricuspid valve is on what side
right side
semilunar valves are your
exit valves
what valve goes to the lungs
your pulmonary lunar valve
what valve goes to the rest of the body
aortic semi lunar valve
the arteries that exit the heart to prevent back flow of blood to the ventricles
semilunar valves
an incompetent valve
does not close completely
harden valve that does not open correctly
stenosis
