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Bio 2 > chp 18 > Flashcards

chp 18 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Right and Left atrium are superior to

A

right and left ventricle

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2
Q

atriums on the heart are what to ventricles on the heart

A

superior

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3
Q

how many chambers of the heart are there

A

4

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4
Q

doors on the chambers are called

A

valves

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5
Q

what cavity does your heart lie in

A

thoracic
mediastinum
pericardial cavity

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6
Q

tough fiburous covering over the heart

A

pericardium

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7
Q

what is the space between the pericardium and heart

A

pericardial space or cavity

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8
Q

internal layer on the heart for protection

A

epicardium

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9
Q

inside the heart covering the internal walls of atrium and ventricles

A

endocardium

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10
Q

myocardium

A

muscle contracts the heart

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11
Q

the sac containing the heart

A

pericardium

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12
Q

outer
middle
inner
layers of the heart

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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13
Q

inflammation of the pericardium due to fluid or anything else that would fill that space

A

pericarditis

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14
Q

a build up of pericardial fluid or internal bleeding that fills up the pericardial cavity

A

cardiac tamponade

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15
Q

cardiac tamponade may result in

A

cardiac failure

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16
Q

where does the heart lie in relation to the sternum

A

posterior to it

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17
Q

sturdy fiborous connective tissue that holds the heart in place and reduces friction

A

pericardium

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18
Q

visceral layer of the pericardium

A

epi
myo
endo

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19
Q

what is the heart there for

A

circulating blood

delivering oxygen

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20
Q

two main places the heart goes to

A

the lungs

the rest of the body

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21
Q

lungs are what

and rest of body is what in regards to the body

A

pulmonary

systemic

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22
Q

any vessel that goes away from the heart is an

A

artery

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23
Q

any vessel that goes back to the heart

A

veins

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24
Q

what is the central unit

A

the heart

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25
Q

three main vessels that come back to the heart

A

veins

1) superior vena cava (everything draining from above the heart. ex head)
2) inferior vena cava (anything below the heart, bigger)
3) coronary sinus (pumps to the myocardium)

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26
Q

does the myocardium of the heart need oxygen to survive

A

yes, coronary sinus coming back to the heart

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27
Q

what do the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus all have in common and what route do they take

A

the are all deoxygenated, drain back into the heart through the right atrium,

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28
Q

pulmonary trunk is what kind of vessel

A

artery

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29
Q

veins go

arteries go

A

back

away

30
Q

pathway of deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood

A

-right atrium to
-tricuspid valve to
-right ventricle to
-pulmonary semilunar valve to
-pulmonary trunk to
-right and left pulmonary artery.
O2 in lungs to
-pulmonary veins to
-left atrium to
-bicuspid valve to
-left ventricle to
-aortic semilunar valve
-Aorta to
-rest of body
-O2 to the heart

31
Q

the left side of the heart is responsible for taking blood to

A

the rest of the body

32
Q

the right side of heart is responsible for taking blood to

A

the lungs

33
Q

highest pressurized vessel leaving the heart

A

aorta

34
Q

which side of the heart needs more pressure

A

left

35
Q

exit valves are always

A

semi lunar
pulmonary semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve

36
Q

internal valves are always your cusps

A

cusps
tricuspid
bicuspid

37
Q

what is the thickest myocardium in the whole heart

A

left ventricle

38
Q

what has its own blood supply in the heart

A

myocardium

39
Q

collateral circulation

A

duplication of supply routes and anastomoses (crossedlinked connections)

40
Q

coronary vessels

A

do nothing but supply the heart itself

41
Q

branches of vessels covering the heart

A

anastomoses

42
Q

arteries first branch off where

A

the aorta

43
Q

blood moves more easily in the myocardium when

A

its relaxed between beats (diastole)

44
Q

widow maker

A

anterior interventricular artery, because if you have a blockage there you’re not coming back

45
Q

what arteries do the branching (anastamoses) on the myocardium of the heart

A

coronary arteries

46
Q

classic chest pain due to myocardial ischemia (oxygen starvation of the tissues)

A

angina pectoris

47
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

(oxygen starvation of the tissues) can be silent and pain will be referred to arms or back

48
Q

what is a heart attack known as

A

myocardial infarction

49
Q

infarct means

A

blockage and anything distal of that blockage dies

50
Q

function to prevent backflow of blood into the heart

A

valves

51
Q

open and close in response to changes in pressure

A

valves

52
Q

four key valves

A

tri and bi cuspid

semi lunar valves

53
Q

close the entry points to atria

A

valves

54
Q

chest pain

A

angina

55
Q

heart attack

A

myocardial

56
Q

the heart supplying itself is called

A

perfusion

57
Q

bypass surgery is called

A

angioplasty

58
Q

anything that attaches itself to a free radical

A

antioxidant

59
Q

restablishing blood flow may damage tissue is called

A

reperfusion damage

60
Q

vitamins ACE do what

A

antioxidants

61
Q

valve structure has dense connective tissue covered by

A

endocardium

62
Q

AV valves

A

chordae tendineae-
thin fibrous cords
connect valves to papillary muscle
connect valves to papillary muscles

63
Q

most common place for regurgitation of a valve is

A

a (mitral) bicuspid valve

64
Q

what side is the bicuspid (mitral) valve on

A

left side

65
Q

murmurs happen

A

mitral valve (bicuspid)

66
Q

tricuspid valve is on what side

A

right side

67
Q

semilunar valves are your

A

exit valves

68
Q

what valve goes to the lungs

A

your pulmonary lunar valve

69
Q

what valve goes to the rest of the body

A

aortic semi lunar valve

70
Q

the arteries that exit the heart to prevent back flow of blood to the ventricles

A

semilunar valves

71
Q

an incompetent valve

A

does not close completely

72
Q

harden valve that does not open correctly

A

stenosis

Bio 2 (20 decks)

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