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Bio 2 > Chp 22 Class Recording > Flashcards

Chp 22 Class Recording Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

MHC

A

Major histo compatibility complex- compatibility for tissues/organs

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2
Q

natural killer cell

A

luekotryns

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3
Q

luekotryns trigger what

A

apoctosis

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4
Q

cell killing itself with virus inside

A

apoctosis

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5
Q

3rd line of immune defense

A

adaptive side

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6
Q

what are also your humoral cells

A

b cells

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7
Q

t cells and b cells are both derived from

A

bone marrow

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8
Q

b cells produce

A

antibodies

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9
Q

what blocks and attaches itself on to an antigen, so our body doesn’t create an immune response

A

antibody

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10
Q

what can our body recognize so we don’t have an immune response

A

antibody

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11
Q

what is made up of two heavy chains and two light chains of proteins

A

antibodies

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12
Q

every antibody looks the same except for

A

where the antigen attaches to

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13
Q

why does every antibody look different

A

because every cell makes a different antibody

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14
Q

who illicit our immune response initially

A

macrophage eats pathogen first then alerts CD4/T4 so it can read the cell and alert interluekon to send more help from T8 cells

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15
Q

fight off virus

A

Cytottoxic T8

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16
Q

who make antibodies

A

B cells

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17
Q

who sends the interlukon

A

CD4/T4

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18
Q

sugar coating of bacteria

A

opsonization

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19
Q

swelling shortness of breath, lack of air into organ system, organs shut down

A

anafalatic shock

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20
Q

why does your body go into anafalatic shock

A

you body feels threatened due some hypersensitive reaction

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21
Q

when your body can’t recognize/create an antigen for something in the body

A

hypersensitive reaction

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22
Q

immune response means a macrophage injests

A

pathogens

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23
Q

if the macrophage engulfs something that isn’t a complete foreign material

A

an incomplete antigen is created because it doesn’t know what it is

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24
Q

incomplete antigen is known as a

A

hapten

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25
Q

what happens when there is a hapten

A

CD4 comes down but cannot read it because it’s not compatible

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26
Q

what two things occur when the body has a hapten

A

a bunch of eosinophils are released in order to attack or increase inflammation or you go into anaphylaxis

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27
Q

body thinks you are under some sort of threat, body starts to close up air ways, mucous membranes start increasing fluid to barricade against the outside

A

anaphylaxis

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28
Q

react with antibodies but cannot cause an immune response without aid (protein carrier)

A

incomplete Ag: smaller molecules, haptens

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29
Q

complex macromolecules usually proteins

A

complete antigen

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30
Q

exzema and alergy are

A

haptens

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31
Q

artificially acquired set of antibodies or virus/bacteria

A

vaccine

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32
Q

infected, contact with pathogen leads to

A

actively natural acquired immunity

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33
Q

antibodies pass from mother to fetus leading to

A

passive natural acquired immunity

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34
Q

vaccine dead or attenuated pathogen leads tto

A

active artificial acquired pathogen

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35
Q

live but weakened virus

A

attenuated

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36
Q

active artificially acquired pathogen is called

A

vaccine

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37
Q

MHC

A

Major Histo compatibility

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38
Q

what is done to help the prevention of graft rejection

A

MHC

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39
Q

tissue compatibility

A

MHC

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40
Q

class of immunglobulins/ antibody in all bodily secretions. Saliva, lacrimal, tears, mucous membranes have their own

A

IgA

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41
Q

class of immunglobulins/ antibody helps mature B cells

A

IgD

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42
Q

class of immunglobulins/ antibody comes from mothers milk chlostrom

A

IgM

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43
Q

class of immunglobulins/ antibody receive passively, crosses the placenta

A

Ig G

44
Q

class of immunglobulins/ antibody that you receive from allergies and parasites

A

Ig E

45
Q

two types of antigens one from class one and two one is blood, the other is

A

major histo compatibility complex MHC

46
Q

breathing- inspiration and expiration

A

pulmonary ventilation

47
Q

gas exchange between lung and blood

A

external pulmonary respiration

48
Q

getting from the nasal passage to the lungs is what passageway

A

external

49
Q

oxygen and CO2 must be transported between the tissue and the lungs

A

transport of respiratory gases

50
Q

gas exchange between blood and tissue cells

A

internal tissue respiration

51
Q

respiration that takes place in the alveoli

A

lower respiratory

52
Q

gas is exchanging in the most simple area possible

A

respiratory bronchial which contains aveoli on the end of it

53
Q

smallest functional unit of respiratory

A

bronchial

54
Q

where your red blood cells deliver O2 and pick up CO2 in capillary beds

A

internal respiration

55
Q

carrier of oxygen

A

RBC- erythrocyte

56
Q

tract for ventilation (conduction of air)

A

upper respiratory

57
Q

tract for respiration (gas exchange by diffusion)

A

lower respiratory

58
Q

a apart of external respiration

A

upper respiratory and lower respiratory

59
Q

air inside the lungs dropping off a the tissue is what respiratory system

A

internal

60
Q

vestibular folds and vocal folds make

A

voice production

61
Q

false vocal cords are called

A

vestibular folds

62
Q

true vocal cords are

A

vocal folds

63
Q

space inbetween the true vocal cords is known as where air is sent through

A

glottis

64
Q

during exhalation laryngeal muscles pull the folds across the opening and tense the folds

A

vocal folds

65
Q

exhaled air induces vibrations which create sound waves is done by

A

vocal folds

66
Q

create volume and pitch is done by

A

vocal folds

67
Q

air sacs

A

aveoli

68
Q

what regulate our airways

A

bronchial

69
Q

parasympathetic allergic response in lungs is called

A

bronchoconstriction

70
Q

sympathetic response

  • histamine release
  • allergy/asthma
A

bronchodilation

71
Q

what would a hypersensitive anaphylactic situation require

A

bronchodilation

72
Q

what allows oxygen to be diffused by the red blood cell in the aveoli is called

A

surfactant

73
Q

what has phospholipids decrease surface tension

A

surfactant

74
Q

attracts water to other water molecules in the alveolar

A

alveolar fluid

75
Q

why do our lungs stay up in place

A

1) surface tension-surfactant

2) pressure difference from what is inside our lungs and the thoracic cavity

76
Q

what kind of pressure is there in the thoracic cavity

A

negative, in comparison to our lungs always 4mm lower

77
Q

collapsed lung

A

atelectasis

78
Q

puncture in the thorax

A

pneumothorax

79
Q

pressure goes up, volume goes down is what law

A

boyles

80
Q

760 mmhg at sea level is whose law of partial pressure

A

Daltons

81
Q

when volume of air goes up and pressure goes down… whose law

A

boyles

82
Q

during inhalation according to boyles law what happens to pressure

A

it decreases

83
Q

what do you have to do to pressure during exhalation

A

increase pressure

84
Q

total atmospheric pressure is related to the partial pressure of each gas is whose law

A

daltons

85
Q

v/p is whose law

p/p is whose law

A

boyle

dalton

86
Q

when sneezing or coughing you do what to pressure

A

increase pressure

87
Q

O
N
CO2

is whose law

A

dalton

88
Q

when you increase elevation what happens to atm pressure

A

it decreases

89
Q

solubility of each gas in our blood stream (water) is whose law

A

henry’s law

90
Q

the probability/solubility of each of these gases in our blood is whose law

A

henrys law

91
Q

greater solubility of what gases in our blood in order

A

N
O2
CO2

92
Q

has the greatest binding capacity to our red blood cells

A

carbon monoxide

93
Q

which has a higher solubility in our bodies Nitrogen or Oxygen?

A

Nitrogen

94
Q

what can happen if you’re scuba diving and come up too quickly

A

Nitrogen narcosis “the bends”

95
Q

hyperbaric chambers help heal how?

A

because the oxygen intake is increased

96
Q

do we have a greater affinity for carbon monoxide, oxygen, nitrogen?

A

Carbon monoxide
nitrogen
oxygen

97
Q

how many spots for oxygen on each hemoglobin

A

4

98
Q

the more oxygen we have present the more

A

saturated hemoglobin is going to be

99
Q

what is the most important factor in O2/hgb interaction

A

pO2

100
Q

shifting to the left means

A

greater affinity of oxygen

101
Q

why would you have a greater affinity for oxygen and shift to the left

A

-acidity or Bohr effect

-

102
Q

the lower acidic your blood is what happens to oxygen

A

there is a lower affinity for it

103
Q

the higher the acidity or ph what would happen to the dissociation curve

A

move to the left

104
Q

how is temperature related to hgb O2 affinity

A

inversely

105
Q

higher temp encourages O2 to be

A

released

106
Q

lower temp encourages O2 to be

A

uptaked

Bio 2 (20 decks)

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