Chp 22 Class Recording Flashcards
MHC
Major histo compatibility complex- compatibility for tissues/organs
natural killer cell
luekotryns
luekotryns trigger what
apoctosis
cell killing itself with virus inside
apoctosis
3rd line of immune defense
adaptive side
what are also your humoral cells
b cells
t cells and b cells are both derived from
bone marrow
b cells produce
antibodies
what blocks and attaches itself on to an antigen, so our body doesn’t create an immune response
antibody
what can our body recognize so we don’t have an immune response
antibody
what is made up of two heavy chains and two light chains of proteins
antibodies
every antibody looks the same except for
where the antigen attaches to
why does every antibody look different
because every cell makes a different antibody
who illicit our immune response initially
macrophage eats pathogen first then alerts CD4/T4 so it can read the cell and alert interluekon to send more help from T8 cells
fight off virus
Cytottoxic T8
who make antibodies
B cells
who sends the interlukon
CD4/T4
sugar coating of bacteria
opsonization
swelling shortness of breath, lack of air into organ system, organs shut down
anafalatic shock
why does your body go into anafalatic shock
you body feels threatened due some hypersensitive reaction
when your body can’t recognize/create an antigen for something in the body
hypersensitive reaction
immune response means a macrophage injests
pathogens
if the macrophage engulfs something that isn’t a complete foreign material
an incomplete antigen is created because it doesn’t know what it is
incomplete antigen is known as a
hapten
what happens when there is a hapten
CD4 comes down but cannot read it because it’s not compatible
what two things occur when the body has a hapten
a bunch of eosinophils are released in order to attack or increase inflammation or you go into anaphylaxis
body thinks you are under some sort of threat, body starts to close up air ways, mucous membranes start increasing fluid to barricade against the outside
anaphylaxis
react with antibodies but cannot cause an immune response without aid (protein carrier)
incomplete Ag: smaller molecules, haptens
complex macromolecules usually proteins
complete antigen
exzema and alergy are
haptens
artificially acquired set of antibodies or virus/bacteria
vaccine
infected, contact with pathogen leads to
actively natural acquired immunity
antibodies pass from mother to fetus leading to
passive natural acquired immunity
vaccine dead or attenuated pathogen leads tto
active artificial acquired pathogen
live but weakened virus
attenuated
active artificially acquired pathogen is called
vaccine
MHC
Major Histo compatibility
what is done to help the prevention of graft rejection
MHC
tissue compatibility
MHC
class of immunglobulins/ antibody in all bodily secretions. Saliva, lacrimal, tears, mucous membranes have their own
IgA
class of immunglobulins/ antibody helps mature B cells
IgD
class of immunglobulins/ antibody comes from mothers milk chlostrom
IgM
class of immunglobulins/ antibody receive passively, crosses the placenta
Ig G
class of immunglobulins/ antibody that you receive from allergies and parasites
Ig E
two types of antigens one from class one and two one is blood, the other is
major histo compatibility complex MHC
breathing- inspiration and expiration
pulmonary ventilation
gas exchange between lung and blood
external pulmonary respiration
getting from the nasal passage to the lungs is what passageway
external
oxygen and CO2 must be transported between the tissue and the lungs
transport of respiratory gases
gas exchange between blood and tissue cells
internal tissue respiration
respiration that takes place in the alveoli
lower respiratory
gas is exchanging in the most simple area possible
respiratory bronchial which contains aveoli on the end of it
smallest functional unit of respiratory
bronchial
where your red blood cells deliver O2 and pick up CO2 in capillary beds
internal respiration
carrier of oxygen
RBC- erythrocyte
tract for ventilation (conduction of air)
upper respiratory
tract for respiration (gas exchange by diffusion)
lower respiratory
a apart of external respiration
upper respiratory and lower respiratory
air inside the lungs dropping off a the tissue is what respiratory system
internal
vestibular folds and vocal folds make
voice production
false vocal cords are called
vestibular folds
true vocal cords are
vocal folds
space inbetween the true vocal cords is known as where air is sent through
glottis
during exhalation laryngeal muscles pull the folds across the opening and tense the folds
vocal folds
exhaled air induces vibrations which create sound waves is done by
vocal folds
create volume and pitch is done by
vocal folds
air sacs
aveoli
what regulate our airways
bronchial
parasympathetic allergic response in lungs is called
bronchoconstriction
sympathetic response
- histamine release
- allergy/asthma
bronchodilation
what would a hypersensitive anaphylactic situation require
bronchodilation
what allows oxygen to be diffused by the red blood cell in the aveoli is called
surfactant
what has phospholipids decrease surface tension
surfactant
attracts water to other water molecules in the alveolar
alveolar fluid
why do our lungs stay up in place
1) surface tension-surfactant
2) pressure difference from what is inside our lungs and the thoracic cavity
what kind of pressure is there in the thoracic cavity
negative, in comparison to our lungs always 4mm lower
collapsed lung
atelectasis
puncture in the thorax
pneumothorax
pressure goes up, volume goes down is what law
boyles
760 mmhg at sea level is whose law of partial pressure
Daltons
when volume of air goes up and pressure goes down… whose law
boyles
during inhalation according to boyles law what happens to pressure
it decreases
what do you have to do to pressure during exhalation
increase pressure
total atmospheric pressure is related to the partial pressure of each gas is whose law
daltons
v/p is whose law
p/p is whose law
boyle
dalton
when sneezing or coughing you do what to pressure
increase pressure
O
N
CO2
is whose law
dalton
when you increase elevation what happens to atm pressure
it decreases
solubility of each gas in our blood stream (water) is whose law
henry’s law
the probability/solubility of each of these gases in our blood is whose law
henrys law
greater solubility of what gases in our blood in order
N
O2
CO2
has the greatest binding capacity to our red blood cells
carbon monoxide
which has a higher solubility in our bodies Nitrogen or Oxygen?
Nitrogen
what can happen if you’re scuba diving and come up too quickly
Nitrogen narcosis “the bends”
hyperbaric chambers help heal how?
because the oxygen intake is increased
do we have a greater affinity for carbon monoxide, oxygen, nitrogen?
Carbon monoxide
nitrogen
oxygen
how many spots for oxygen on each hemoglobin
4
the more oxygen we have present the more
saturated hemoglobin is going to be
what is the most important factor in O2/hgb interaction
pO2
shifting to the left means
greater affinity of oxygen
why would you have a greater affinity for oxygen and shift to the left
-acidity or Bohr effect
-
the lower acidic your blood is what happens to oxygen
there is a lower affinity for it
the higher the acidity or ph what would happen to the dissociation curve
move to the left
how is temperature related to hgb O2 affinity
inversely
higher temp encourages O2 to be
released
lower temp encourages O2 to be
uptaked
