Chp 20 PP Flashcards
Lymph fluid in lymph vessels is the
The Lymphatic System
what system returns interstitial fluid and proteins to the blood
The Lymphatic System
what system transports dietary fats to adipose tissue
The Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System transports what
dietary fats to adipose tissue
The Lymphatic System protects against
cancer and infection
fighting off disease in the lymphatic system is called
resistance
general protection against disease is
nonspecific resistance
specific protection
is
immunity
lack of resistance
is
susceptibility
More fluid moves out of the blood capillaries by filtration than returns by reabsorption is whose law
Starling’s Law
how much lymph is generated a day
3L
Proteins escaped from the blood or secreted by tissues are transferred back to the blood by the
lymphatics
Lymph flow is facilitated by
muscle pumps, the respiratory pump, valves, and smooth muscle (in the walls of the trunks & thoracic duct)
Smaller vessels drain into
larger vessels
covered vessels between cells, larger than capillaries are called
“Blind ended,”
Not found in avascular tissues (CNS, cartilage) nor in the splenic pulp, and bone marrow
Lymphatic Capillaries
from lymphatic endothelium attach to surrounding tissues are
Anchoring filaments
Endothelial cells do what
overlap
Endothelial cells overlap
high hydrostatic fluid pressure does what
separates cells, fluid into caps
Endothelial cells overlap
hydrostatic fluid pressure in cap prevents
fluid movement out
Lymph vessels have the same organization and routing as the
vascular tree
have no separate pump (heart)
Lymphatic vessels
All lymph returns to the
vena cava and to the right side of the heart
Right lymphatic duct is how long
about ½ inch long
Right lymphatic duct drains lymph
drains lymph from upper right side of body (arm & head)
main collecting duct of the lymphatic system
Thoracic (left) duct
Thoracic (left) duct is how long
38-45 cm long
drains 75% of body’s lymph
Thoracic (left) duct
draining on the Thoracic (left) duct begins as a dilation known as
cisterna chyli located anterior to lumbar disk #2
Lymph returns to the
venous drainage through right and left lymphatic ducts at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins
Lymph Flow from smallest to largest:
Capillaries
> vessels > trunks > ducts
Lymph vessels anastomose and
supply and drain lymph nodes along their course
attack microbes, especially bacteria
B lymphocytes = B cells
Two Main Types Of Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes = B cells
T lymphocytes = T cells
develop into plasma cells to produce antibodies (Ab)
B lymphocytes = B cells
what happens when B lymphocytes = B cells develop into plasma cells to produce antibodies
bind to antigen to form antibody-antigen (Ag-Ab) complexes
complexes prevents Ag from interacting with other body cells or molecules
memory B cells – dormant until future exposure to Ag
regulate many immune responses
T lymphocytes = T cells
attack viruses, fungi, transplants, cancer, some bacteria
T lymphocytes = T cells
4 types of T cells
cytotoxic (killer) T cells
helper T cells suppressor T cells
memory T cells
T Cell that destroy foreign invaders
cytotoxic (killer) T cells
T cell that assist B cells and cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells
T cell that help bring immune response to an end
suppressor T cells
T cell that is dormant until future exposure to Ag
memory T cells
site of lymphocyte (B cell and T cell) production
primary lymphatic organs
in the lymphocyte development bone marrow - produces
B cells, immature T cells
T cells migrate to the thymus gland to mature or die if determined to be improper
Two primary lymphatic organs
bone marrow
thymus gland
secondary lymphatic organs
are
lymphatic nodules (lymph follicles), lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils
sites of activated immune responses
lymphatic nodules (lymph follicles)
Produce reticular fibers (stroma) that provide the framing structure for other cells in lymphoid organs
Reticular cells
Reticular cells
are similar to
fibroblasts
Phagocytize foreign substances and cells. Then transport them to lymphatic tissues
Macrophages & Dendritic cells
Process foreign things into individual antigens
Present Ags to T & B lymphocyte to help activate them
Macrophages & Dendritic cells
Two lobes between the sternum and the heart is what lymphatic organ
Thymus Gland
What do thymocytes produce in the lymphatic organ
hormones
What organ atrophies with age (starting ~20)
Thymus Gland
Outer cortex of the thymus gland is made up of
immature cells
the outer cortex of the thymus gland is
screened for functional capacity
stimulated to proliferation
stimulated to maturation
The Inner medulla of the Thymus gland is
defective T cells degenerate
mature T cells move into blood
oval, bean shaped small structures scattered throughout body along lymph vessels
lymph nodes
where are lymphnodes located as far as depth
may be deep or superficial
concentrated along the respiratory tree and GI tract, in the mammary glands, axillae, and groin
lymphnodes
filter lymph fluid to trap foreign organisms, cell debris, and tumor cells
lymphnodes
Lymph enters
via a number of afferent lymphatic vessels
what filters lymph
lymph nodes
what acts as a “settling tank,” because there are fewer efferent vessels, lymph stagnates somewhat in the node
the node
purpose of lymph being stagnate in the node
This allows lymphocytes and macrophages time to carry out their protective functions
travel of lymph through the body
lyphatic vessels
large subcapsular sinus
smaller sinuses
exit the nodes at the hilus via efferent vessels
Cancer cells from the tumor are first trapped in a
lymphnode
largest lymphoid organ in the body
spleen
organ that has fibrous capsule with arteries, veins, and efferent lymph vessels
spleen
organ located between stomach and diaphragm
spleen
a site of immune surveillance and response
white pulp in spleen
macrophages phagocytize bacteria, worn-out RBC’s, platelets is
white pulp in spleen
hemoglobin is recycled and components transferred to liver
where
in the white pulp in the spleen
macrophage antigen-presentation and lymphocyte activation and proliferation
some B cells mature into plasma cells here
in the white pulp in the spleen
