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Bio 2 > Chp 20 PP > Flashcards

Chp 20 PP Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lymph fluid in lymph vessels is the

A

The Lymphatic System

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2
Q

what system returns interstitial fluid and proteins to the blood

A

The Lymphatic System

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3
Q

what system transports dietary fats to adipose tissue

A

The Lymphatic System

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4
Q

The Lymphatic System transports what

A

dietary fats to adipose tissue

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5
Q

The Lymphatic System protects against

A

cancer and infection

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6
Q

fighting off disease in the lymphatic system is called

A

resistance

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7
Q

general protection against disease is

A

nonspecific resistance

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8
Q

specific protection

is

A

immunity

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9
Q

lack of resistance

is

A

susceptibility

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10
Q

More fluid moves out of the blood capillaries by filtration than returns by reabsorption is whose law

A

Starling’s Law

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11
Q

how much lymph is generated a day

A

3L

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12
Q

Proteins escaped from the blood or secreted by tissues are transferred back to the blood by the

A

lymphatics

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13
Q

Lymph flow is facilitated by

A

muscle pumps, the respiratory pump, valves, and smooth muscle (in the walls of the trunks & thoracic duct)

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14
Q

Smaller vessels drain into

A

larger vessels

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15
Q

covered vessels between cells, larger than capillaries are called

A

“Blind ended,”

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16
Q

Not found in avascular tissues (CNS, cartilage) nor in the splenic pulp, and bone marrow

A

Lymphatic Capillaries

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17
Q

from lymphatic endothelium attach to surrounding tissues are

A

Anchoring filaments

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18
Q

Endothelial cells do what

A

overlap

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19
Q

Endothelial cells overlap

high hydrostatic fluid pressure does what

A

separates cells, fluid into caps

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20
Q

Endothelial cells overlap

hydrostatic fluid pressure in cap prevents

A

fluid movement out

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21
Q

Lymph vessels have the same organization and routing as the

A

vascular tree

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22
Q

have no separate pump (heart)

A

Lymphatic vessels

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23
Q

All lymph returns to the

A

vena cava and to the right side of the heart

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24
Q

Right lymphatic duct is how long

A

about ½ inch long

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25
Q

Right lymphatic duct drains lymph

A

drains lymph from upper right side of body (arm & head)

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26
Q

main collecting duct of the lymphatic system

A

Thoracic (left) duct

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27
Q

Thoracic (left) duct is how long

A

38-45 cm long

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28
Q

drains 75% of body’s lymph

A

Thoracic (left) duct

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29
Q

draining on the Thoracic (left) duct begins as a dilation known as

A

cisterna chyli located anterior to lumbar disk #2

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30
Q

Lymph returns to the

A

venous drainage through right and left lymphatic ducts at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins

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31
Q

Lymph Flow from smallest to largest:

A

Capillaries

> vessels > trunks > ducts

32
Q

Lymph vessels anastomose and

A

supply and drain lymph nodes along their course

33
Q

attack microbes, especially bacteria

A

B lymphocytes = B cells

34
Q

Two Main Types Of Lymphocytes

A

B lymphocytes = B cells

T lymphocytes = T cells

35
Q

develop into plasma cells to produce antibodies (Ab)

A

B lymphocytes = B cells

36
Q

what happens when B lymphocytes = B cells develop into plasma cells to produce antibodies

A

bind to antigen to form antibody-antigen (Ag-Ab) complexes

complexes prevents Ag from interacting with other body cells or molecules

memory B cells – dormant until future exposure to Ag

37
Q

regulate many immune responses

A

T lymphocytes = T cells

38
Q

attack viruses, fungi, transplants, cancer, some bacteria

A

T lymphocytes = T cells

39
Q

4 types of T cells

A

cytotoxic (killer) T cells
helper T cells suppressor T cells
memory T cells

40
Q

T Cell that destroy foreign invaders

A

cytotoxic (killer) T cells

41
Q

T cell that assist B cells and cytotoxic T cells

A

helper T cells

42
Q

T cell that help bring immune response to an end

A

suppressor T cells

43
Q

T cell that is dormant until future exposure to Ag

A

memory T cells

44
Q

site of lymphocyte (B cell and T cell) production

A

primary lymphatic organs

45
Q

in the lymphocyte development bone marrow - produces

A

B cells, immature T cells

T cells migrate to the thymus gland to mature or die if determined to be improper

46
Q

Two primary lymphatic organs

A

bone marrow

thymus gland

47
Q

secondary lymphatic organs

are

A

lymphatic nodules (lymph follicles), lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils

48
Q

sites of activated immune responses

A

lymphatic nodules (lymph follicles)

49
Q

Produce reticular fibers (stroma) that provide the framing structure for other cells in lymphoid organs

A

Reticular cells

50
Q

Reticular cells

are similar to

A

fibroblasts

51
Q

Phagocytize foreign substances and cells. Then transport them to lymphatic tissues

A

Macrophages & Dendritic cells

52
Q

Process foreign things into individual antigens

Present Ags to T & B lymphocyte to help activate them

A

Macrophages & Dendritic cells

53
Q

Two lobes between the sternum and the heart is what lymphatic organ

A

Thymus Gland

54
Q

What do thymocytes produce in the lymphatic organ

A

hormones

55
Q

What organ atrophies with age (starting ~20)

A

Thymus Gland

56
Q

Outer cortex of the thymus gland is made up of

A

immature cells

57
Q

the outer cortex of the thymus gland is

A

screened for functional capacity

stimulated to proliferation

stimulated to maturation

58
Q

The Inner medulla of the Thymus gland is

A

defective T cells degenerate

mature T cells move into blood

59
Q

oval, bean shaped small structures scattered throughout body along lymph vessels

A

lymph nodes

60
Q

where are lymphnodes located as far as depth

A

may be deep or superficial

61
Q

concentrated along the respiratory tree and GI tract, in the mammary glands, axillae, and groin

A

lymphnodes

62
Q

filter lymph fluid to trap foreign organisms, cell debris, and tumor cells

A

lymphnodes

63
Q

Lymph enters

A

via a number of afferent lymphatic vessels

64
Q

what filters lymph

A

lymph nodes

65
Q

what acts as a “settling tank,” because there are fewer efferent vessels, lymph stagnates somewhat in the node

A

the node

66
Q

purpose of lymph being stagnate in the node

A

This allows lymphocytes and macrophages time to carry out their protective functions

67
Q

travel of lymph through the body

A

lyphatic vessels

large subcapsular sinus

smaller sinuses

exit the nodes at the hilus via efferent vessels

68
Q

Cancer cells from the tumor are first trapped in a

A

lymphnode

69
Q

largest lymphoid organ in the body

A

spleen

70
Q

organ that has fibrous capsule with arteries, veins, and efferent lymph vessels

A

spleen

71
Q

organ located between stomach and diaphragm

A

spleen

72
Q

a site of immune surveillance and response

A

white pulp in spleen

73
Q

macrophages phagocytize bacteria, worn-out RBC’s, platelets is

A

white pulp in spleen

74
Q

hemoglobin is recycled and components transferred to liver

where

A

in the white pulp in the spleen

75
Q

macrophage antigen-presentation and lymphocyte activation and proliferation

some B cells mature into plasma cells here

A

in the white pulp in the spleen

Bio 2 (20 decks)

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