Chp 23 Recording Flashcards
Everything we eat breaks down and turns into
energy
breakdown is also known as
digestion
what are the two forms of digestion
mechanical
and chemical
physically breaking down of food is known as
mechanical digestion
enzymes, gastric juices are known as what digestion
chemical
pathway of gastro intestinal tract digestion
1) mouth
2) oral cavity
- tongue
- salivary glands
- saliva (amylase)
3) Pharynx
3) Esophagus
4) Stomach
5) Small intestine
6) Large intestine
7) Anus
amylase is what
enzyme that breaks down
first place in your digestive system that you are starting to break down carbohydrates
oral cavity amylase (starch)
three parts that make up the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
where is the ileum found
small intestine
where is the jejunum found
small intestine
Parts that make up the large intestine
cecum
colon (ascending, transverse, descending)
rectum
what do accessory organs do
help with the chemical break down during digestion
what are your accessory organs
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
don’t come in contact with food in digestion tract but assist with chemical break down
accessory organs
where do we start chemically breaking down after amylase
some stuff in the stomach and everything else in the duodenum
where do your accessory organs come into play in the GI tract
at the duodenum
what add a tube like structure at the duodenum
gall bladder
pancreas
liver
storage center for bile
gall bladder
what organ secretes bile
liver
what emulsifies fat
bile
taking in of food
ingestion
movement of food
peristalsis
wave like motion in esophagus that moves food
peristalsis
the only digestive chemical property that we have before the stomach is
amylase
where do we end up absorbing everything
small intestine
majority goes back to you
water gets reabsorbed at the large intestine
where does the chemical digestion occur
small intestine
what are the lymphatic vessels right next to the small intestine
peyers patch
what are found throughout the digestive tract
lymphatic vessels
what are your three pairs of salivary glands
parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands
what swells up during mumps
parotid glands
salivary amylase does what
digest carbohydrates
what function does salivary glands have
immuno globulins IgA
what nervous system control is in digestion
Vagus nerve
parasympathetic
when sympathetic is turned on what happens to your mouth
reduced flow of saliva and dry mouth
if people have dry mouth what is turned on in your nervous system
sympathetic
term for chewing
mastication
bolus is what
ball of food
when bolus hits the stomach is called
chyme
whats the one thing we can’t digest
cellulose (fiber)
term for swallowing
deglutition
Three phases to swallowing
1) buccal (voluntary) phase
2) pharyngeal (involuntary) phase
3) Esophageal phase
what phase of swallowing is voluntary and moves the bolus to the oropharynx
buccal phase
is peristalsis voluntary or involuntary
involuntary- smooth muscle
what is peristalsis controlled by
the medulla
the opening of the stomach is called
the cardiac sphincter or lower esophageal sphincter
the lining in the stomach secretes what
hydrochloric acid ph of 2
pulling down on the stomach is known as
distension
whats one way you create an opening or stretching of the cardiac sphincter
distension
what causes distension
gas
pregnancy (progesterone-relaxes all smooth muscles)
eating too much
lying down after eating
GERD
Gastro esophageal reflux disease
heart burn is also known as
Gastro esophageal reflux disease
why is Gastro esophageal reflux disease so serious
because the acid in the stomach erodes the esophagus
esophageal verisies is
craters in the esophagus
when the cardiac sphincter doesn’t close what happens
Gastro esophageal reflux disease
if the pyloric sphincter doesnt close properly you have
a duodenal ulcer
junction of the duodenum and stomach
pyloric valve
the chyme passing through the duodenum has to be what
nuetralized
what cause chyme to be nutralized at the dueodenum
pancreas secreting juices coly…
the GI tract is also known as
the alimentary tract
3 muscle layers of the stomach
longitudinal
circular
oblique
oblique layer of muscle is found where
only in the stomach
the two major endothelial cells lining the stomach
parietal
chief
endothelial cells that secret hydrochloric acid
parietal
endothelial cells that secret pepsinogin
chief
inactive form of what we need to break down amino acids or proteins
pepsinogen
unless it says enterocoated something is what
being absorbed into the stomach lining itself
everytime you absorb something in the stomach it cause
bleeding in the stomach lining
what disease do you have when you have a hole in your stomach and the endothelial cells in your stomach become more like a mesh layer
leaky gut syndrome
when things are being absorbed in your stomach that shouldn’t be due to your stomach becomes more like a mesh layer
leaky gut syndrome
inner linning of the stomach is called
mucosa
rennin is
in the mucosa
extra enzyme only found in neonates
curdles milk to help neonates feel fuller
do adults have rennin
no
three phases of digestion that happens in the stomach
1) cephalic- head
2) gastric
3) intestinal
cephalic phase
happens in head
sight, smell, talking
causes your salivary glands to produce saliva
smelling food
thinking/starting the digestion process
gastric phase
fluids coming to your stomach for digestion
hydrochloric
pepsinogen
rennin
intestinal phase
absorbing and what to absorb
if cephalic, gastric or intestinal phase were inhibited what nervous system is inhibited
sympathetic
sympathetic nervous system closes what
the pyloric sphincter causing you to not be able to digest and throw up
three enzymes in the small intestine right at the duodenum are
cholecystokinin
gastric inhibitory peptide
secretin
if cholecystokinin,
gastric inhibitory peptide, and
secretin are present in your stomach what happens
you cant eat anymore because you have inhibited digestion
when are cholecystokinin,
gastric inhibitory peptide, and
secretin released
once food has gotten to the duodenum
when are cholecystokinin,
gastric inhibitory peptide, and
secretin released
once food has gotten to the duodenum
what leave your stomach fastest
fructose
simple sugars
what takes the longest gastric emptying
fat
protein
carbohydrates
