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Bio 2 > Chp 23 Recording > Flashcards

Chp 23 Recording Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Everything we eat breaks down and turns into

A

energy

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2
Q

breakdown is also known as

A

digestion

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3
Q

what are the two forms of digestion

A

mechanical

and chemical

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4
Q

physically breaking down of food is known as

A

mechanical digestion

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5
Q

enzymes, gastric juices are known as what digestion

A

chemical

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6
Q

pathway of gastro intestinal tract digestion

A

1) mouth
2) oral cavity
- tongue
- salivary glands
- saliva (amylase)
3) Pharynx
3) Esophagus
4) Stomach
5) Small intestine
6) Large intestine
7) Anus

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7
Q

amylase is what

A

enzyme that breaks down

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8
Q

first place in your digestive system that you are starting to break down carbohydrates

A

oral cavity amylase (starch)

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9
Q

three parts that make up the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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10
Q

where is the ileum found

A

small intestine

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11
Q

where is the jejunum found

A

small intestine

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12
Q

Parts that make up the large intestine

A

cecum
colon (ascending, transverse, descending)
rectum

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13
Q

what do accessory organs do

A

help with the chemical break down during digestion

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14
Q

what are your accessory organs

A

liver
gall bladder
pancreas

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15
Q

don’t come in contact with food in digestion tract but assist with chemical break down

A

accessory organs

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16
Q

where do we start chemically breaking down after amylase

A

some stuff in the stomach and everything else in the duodenum

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17
Q

where do your accessory organs come into play in the GI tract

A

at the duodenum

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18
Q

what add a tube like structure at the duodenum

A

gall bladder
pancreas
liver

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19
Q

storage center for bile

A

gall bladder

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20
Q

what organ secretes bile

A

liver

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21
Q

what emulsifies fat

A

bile

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22
Q

taking in of food

A

ingestion

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23
Q

movement of food

A

peristalsis

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24
Q

wave like motion in esophagus that moves food

A

peristalsis

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25
Q

the only digestive chemical property that we have before the stomach is

A

amylase

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26
Q

where do we end up absorbing everything

A

small intestine
majority goes back to you
water gets reabsorbed at the large intestine

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27
Q

where does the chemical digestion occur

A

small intestine

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28
Q

what are the lymphatic vessels right next to the small intestine

A

peyers patch

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29
Q

what are found throughout the digestive tract

A

lymphatic vessels

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30
Q

what are your three pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands

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31
Q

what swells up during mumps

A

parotid glands

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32
Q

salivary amylase does what

A

digest carbohydrates

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33
Q

what function does salivary glands have

A

immuno globulins IgA

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34
Q

what nervous system control is in digestion

A

Vagus nerve

parasympathetic

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35
Q

when sympathetic is turned on what happens to your mouth

A

reduced flow of saliva and dry mouth

36
Q

if people have dry mouth what is turned on in your nervous system

A

sympathetic

37
Q

term for chewing

A

mastication

38
Q

bolus is what

A

ball of food

39
Q

when bolus hits the stomach is called

A

chyme

40
Q

whats the one thing we can’t digest

A

cellulose (fiber)

41
Q

term for swallowing

A

deglutition

42
Q

Three phases to swallowing

A

1) buccal (voluntary) phase
2) pharyngeal (involuntary) phase
3) Esophageal phase

43
Q

what phase of swallowing is voluntary and moves the bolus to the oropharynx

A

buccal phase

44
Q

is peristalsis voluntary or involuntary

A

involuntary- smooth muscle

45
Q

what is peristalsis controlled by

A

the medulla

46
Q

the opening of the stomach is called

A

the cardiac sphincter or lower esophageal sphincter

47
Q

the lining in the stomach secretes what

A

hydrochloric acid ph of 2

48
Q

pulling down on the stomach is known as

A

distension

49
Q

whats one way you create an opening or stretching of the cardiac sphincter

A

distension

50
Q

what causes distension

A

gas
pregnancy (progesterone-relaxes all smooth muscles)
eating too much
lying down after eating

51
Q

GERD

A

Gastro esophageal reflux disease

52
Q

heart burn is also known as

A

Gastro esophageal reflux disease

53
Q

why is Gastro esophageal reflux disease so serious

A

because the acid in the stomach erodes the esophagus

54
Q

esophageal verisies is

A

craters in the esophagus

55
Q

when the cardiac sphincter doesn’t close what happens

A

Gastro esophageal reflux disease

56
Q

if the pyloric sphincter doesnt close properly you have

A

a duodenal ulcer

57
Q

junction of the duodenum and stomach

A

pyloric valve

58
Q

the chyme passing through the duodenum has to be what

A

nuetralized

59
Q

what cause chyme to be nutralized at the dueodenum

A

pancreas secreting juices coly…

60
Q

the GI tract is also known as

A

the alimentary tract

61
Q

3 muscle layers of the stomach

A

longitudinal
circular
oblique

62
Q

oblique layer of muscle is found where

A

only in the stomach

63
Q

the two major endothelial cells lining the stomach

A

parietal

chief

64
Q

endothelial cells that secret hydrochloric acid

A

parietal

65
Q

endothelial cells that secret pepsinogin

A

chief

66
Q

inactive form of what we need to break down amino acids or proteins

A

pepsinogen

67
Q

unless it says enterocoated something is what

A

being absorbed into the stomach lining itself

68
Q

everytime you absorb something in the stomach it cause

A

bleeding in the stomach lining

69
Q

what disease do you have when you have a hole in your stomach and the endothelial cells in your stomach become more like a mesh layer

A

leaky gut syndrome

70
Q

when things are being absorbed in your stomach that shouldn’t be due to your stomach becomes more like a mesh layer

A

leaky gut syndrome

71
Q

inner linning of the stomach is called

A

mucosa

72
Q

rennin is

A

in the mucosa
extra enzyme only found in neonates
curdles milk to help neonates feel fuller

73
Q

do adults have rennin

A

no

74
Q

three phases of digestion that happens in the stomach

A

1) cephalic- head
2) gastric
3) intestinal

75
Q

cephalic phase

A

happens in head
sight, smell, talking

causes your salivary glands to produce saliva

smelling food
thinking/starting the digestion process

76
Q

gastric phase

A

fluids coming to your stomach for digestion

hydrochloric
pepsinogen
rennin

77
Q

intestinal phase

A

absorbing and what to absorb

78
Q

if cephalic, gastric or intestinal phase were inhibited what nervous system is inhibited

A

sympathetic

79
Q

sympathetic nervous system closes what

A

the pyloric sphincter causing you to not be able to digest and throw up

80
Q

three enzymes in the small intestine right at the duodenum are

A

cholecystokinin
gastric inhibitory peptide
secretin

81
Q

if cholecystokinin,
gastric inhibitory peptide, and
secretin are present in your stomach what happens

A

you cant eat anymore because you have inhibited digestion

82
Q

when are cholecystokinin,
gastric inhibitory peptide, and
secretin released

A

once food has gotten to the duodenum

83
Q

when are cholecystokinin,
gastric inhibitory peptide, and
secretin released

A

once food has gotten to the duodenum

84
Q

what leave your stomach fastest

A

fructose

simple sugars

85
Q

what takes the longest gastric emptying

A

fat
protein
carbohydrates

Bio 2 (20 decks)

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