Chapter Two Flashcards
Proteins functions
They are essential to cell structure and function
Proteins are ____ containing what five elements
ORGANIC!!!
-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
-Nitrogen
-Sulfur
What are protein sub units called?
Proteins are made up by amino acids!!!
What are the four segments of a protein diagram
-Nitrogen
-C+H
-C/O/OH
-R group
What is a peptide bond?
The bond between amino acids
How are peptide bonds formed?
Through dehydration synthesis
What is dehydration synthesis?
When two amino acids bond, the OH and H pair up and are removed
-removal of an H20
The R group serves what function?
To make each amino acid different
Up to how many amino acids can form a peptide bond/chain?
250-300!!!!
What is present at every peptide bond?
Dehydration synthesis or the loss of water
What is the primary structure?
The primary structure is determined by DNA
-molecular form of amino acid
Secondary structure
Compacted version of primary structure
what is tertiary structure
Both forms of secondary structure bonded together
What is quatonary structure
Two of each forms of secondary structure bonded together
What is denaturation?
The disruption of protein structure which renders the protein functionless
Nucleic acid is made up of
Nucleotides
Three components to nucleic acid
Base, sugar and a phosphate
Bases can be ____ or _____
-purine
-pyramiding
Whats the difference between purine and pyrimidine?
Purine- double ring
Pyrimidine- single ring
Two types of purine
Adenine and guamine
Two types of pyrimidine
Thymine and cytosine
Adenine binds with
Thymine
Guamine binds with
Cytosine
thymine binds with
Adenine
Cytosine binds with
guamine
A/T and G/C are joined together by
Hydrogen bonds
How does ribose go to deoxyribose
By loosing the second carbon atom
Phosphate is organic or inorganic
Inorganic
What is the backbone of DNA
Sugar and phosphate
What are the rings of DNA made up of
The base
DNA stands for
2-deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA will never
Change
DNA dictates what?
Proteins
RNA stands for
Ribonucleic acid
Why is RNA “ribose”
Because it has not lost a carbon on 2-
RNA anatomy
Single strand
RNA does not have what base?
Thymine
what base does RNA have that DNA does not
Uracil
In RNA what does cytosine bind too?
Guamine
in RNA what does adenine bind too?
Uracil
In RNA what does thymine bind too?
There is no thymine
in RNA what does guamine bind too?
Cytosine
What are the three different types of RNA
- Messenger
- Transfer
- Ribosomal
