Chapter Two Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins functions

A

They are essential to cell structure and function

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2
Q

Proteins are ____ containing what five elements

A

ORGANIC!!!
-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
-Nitrogen
-Sulfur

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3
Q

What are protein sub units called?

A

Proteins are made up by amino acids!!!

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4
Q

What are the four segments of a protein diagram

A

-Nitrogen
-C+H
-C/O/OH
-R group

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5
Q

What is a peptide bond?

A

The bond between amino acids

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6
Q

How are peptide bonds formed?

A

Through dehydration synthesis

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7
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

When two amino acids bond, the OH and H pair up and are removed
-removal of an H20

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8
Q

The R group serves what function?

A

To make each amino acid different

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9
Q

Up to how many amino acids can form a peptide bond/chain?

A

250-300!!!!

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10
Q

What is present at every peptide bond?

A

Dehydration synthesis or the loss of water

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11
Q

What is the primary structure?

A

The primary structure is determined by DNA
-molecular form of amino acid

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12
Q

Secondary structure

A

Compacted version of primary structure

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13
Q

what is tertiary structure

A

Both forms of secondary structure bonded together

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14
Q

What is quatonary structure

A

Two of each forms of secondary structure bonded together

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15
Q

What is denaturation?

A

The disruption of protein structure which renders the protein functionless

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16
Q

Nucleic acid is made up of

A

Nucleotides

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17
Q

Three components to nucleic acid

A

Base, sugar and a phosphate

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18
Q

Bases can be ____ or _____

A

-purine
-pyramiding

19
Q

Whats the difference between purine and pyrimidine?

A

Purine- double ring
Pyrimidine- single ring

20
Q

Two types of purine

A

Adenine and guamine

21
Q

Two types of pyrimidine

A

Thymine and cytosine

22
Q

Adenine binds with

23
Q

Guamine binds with

24
Q

thymine binds with

25
Cytosine binds with
guamine
26
A/T and G/C are joined together by
Hydrogen bonds
27
How does ribose go to deoxyribose
By loosing the second carbon atom
28
Phosphate is organic or inorganic
Inorganic
29
What is the backbone of DNA
Sugar and phosphate
30
What are the rings of DNA made up of
The base
31
DNA stands for
2-deoxyribonucleic acid
32
DNA will never
Change
33
DNA dictates what?
Proteins
34
RNA stands for
Ribonucleic acid
35
Why is RNA “ribose”
Because it has not lost a carbon on 2-
36
RNA anatomy
Single strand
37
RNA does not have what base?
Thymine
38
what base does RNA have that DNA does not
Uracil
39
In RNA what does cytosine bind too?
Guamine
40
in RNA what does adenine bind too?
Uracil
41
In RNA what does thymine bind too?
There is no thymine
42
in RNA what does guamine bind too?
Cytosine
43
What are the three different types of RNA
1. Messenger 2. Transfer 3. Ribosomal