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Microbiologyh > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

1
Q

MICRO stands for

A

-microscopic
-independent units
-complex
-rapid growth rate
-omnipresent

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2
Q

Why is it important to study microbiology (3 things)

A
  1. Prevents disease
  2. Develops techniques to prevent disease
  3. Prevents food spoilage
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3
Q

Omnipresent means

A

Always present
-different organisms are in different forms

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4
Q

Prokaryotic (DNA/organelles/cell wall)

A

Pre-nucleus
-DNA found in nucleoid
-no organelles besides ribosomes
-complex cell wall

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5
Q

DNA in the prokaryotic cell

A

Found in the nucleoid
-one long circular structure
-contains all genetic material

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6
Q

Ribosome function

A

Protein synthesis

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7
Q

What are the cell walls of prokaryotic cells made of

A

Peptidoglycan

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8
Q

What is the function of peptidoglycan?

A

The body uses this to destroy the microorganism

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9
Q

What are two types of prokaryotic cells?

A

-bacteria
-archae bacteria

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10
Q

Archae bacteria (3 points)

A

-love extreme environments (such as hot springs)
-ancient, plant looking
-do not cause disease

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11
Q

How do archae bacteria not cause disease?

A

The wall is made up of PSEUDO PEPTIDOGLYCAN

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12
Q

Which are disease bearing, bacteria or archae bacteria?

A

Bacteria is disease bearing

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13
Q

Do bacteria contain a cell wall?

A

Yes, made up of peptidoglycan

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14
Q

What environment do archae bacteria and bacteria live in?

A

Bacteria - similar to humans
Archae bacteria - extreme environments (eg hot springs)

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15
Q

Bacteria colonies are ____ due to _____

A
  1. Very large
  2. Rapid growth
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16
Q

Does archae bacteria cause disease? Why or why not?

A

No, Archae bacteria does not cause disease
-cell wall made up of pseudo peptidoglycan

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17
Q

What do bacteria do in besides bearing disease?

A

In humans, bacteria can aid in
-digestion
-immunity
-enzyme function

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18
Q

Eukaryote (DNA/organelles/wall/replication)

A

True nucleus
-DNA found in nucleus
-several organelles
-no wall
-mitosis and meiosis

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19
Q

How do eukaryote divide?

A

Mitosis and meiosis

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20
Q

DNA in eukaryote

A

Found in the nucleus
-several chromosomes

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21
Q

What are the differences between eukaryote and prokaryotic cells

A

Pro- DNA found in nucleoid, only contains ribosomes, complex cell wall, binary fision
Eu- DNA found in nucleus, contain several organelles, thin cell wall, mitosis meiosis

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22
Q

What are examples of eukaryotes? (Five)

A

-fungi
-algae
-proto
-multicellular animal parasites
-viruses

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23
Q

Fungi

A

-opportunistic
-adapt easily
Found in vaginal and nail infections

24
Q

Algae

A

Not as pathogenic
-exception would be found in seafood

25
Q

Proto

A

Infectious
-example: malaria

26
Q

Multicellular animal parasites

A

-heart worm

27
Q

Viruses

A

-all absolute parasites
-love the human body
-extremely contagious due to mixing vesicle

28
Q

Four examples of viruses

A

-measles
-HIV
-hep
-COVID 19

29
Q

Is fungi a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

A

Eukaryote

30
Q

Is a virus a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

A

Eukaryote

31
Q

is a archae bacteria a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

A

Prokaryotic

32
Q

Is a multicellular animal parasite a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

A

Eukaryote

33
Q

Is a proto a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

A

Eukaryotic

34
Q

Is bacteria a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

A

Prokaryotic

35
Q

Is algae a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

A

Eukaryote

36
Q

COVID 19 is apart of what family

A

The rhino virus otherwise known as common cold

37
Q

What is unique to the corona virus

A

They contain spikes, which make it difficul to destroy

38
Q

What is the golden age of biology

A

Period of time with heightened health discoveries

39
Q

What was the time period of the first golden age of biology

A

1857 to 1914

40
Q

What scientist was prominent in 1876

A

Robert Koch

41
Q

What scientist was prominent in 1861

A

Louis Pasteur

42
Q

What scientist was prominent in 1796

A

Edward Jenner

43
Q

What were the two scientific discoveries of Louis Pasteur

A
  1. Theory that life only comes from life
  2. Fermentation and pasterization
44
Q

Microbial growth would indicate that

A

The flask is not sealed

45
Q

No microbial growth would indicate that

A

The flask was sealed

46
Q

Biogenesis

A

The concept of living cells arise only from pre-existing living cells

47
Q

Describe Louis Pasteur’s experiment

A

-filled short neck flasks with beef broth and boiled their contents
-left some open and allowed to cool, these flasks were contaminated
-the other flasks that were sealed were free of microorganisms

48
Q

What did Louis Pasteur invent that is extremely useful in clinical setting

A

S shaped flasks

49
Q

Why are S shaped flasks such an important discovery

A

They allow air to pass through but still trap any airborne microorganisms from getting inside

50
Q

What is fermentation?

A

The process of yeast converting sugar to alcohol in the absence of air
-used to make wine and beer

51
Q

Who discovered fermentation

A

Louis Pasteur

52
Q

What is pasterization

A

Reduces spoilage and kill potentially harmful bacteria

53
Q

Who discovered pasteurization and how?

A

Louis Pasteur
-by boiling beer and wine just enough to kill most of the bacteria that caused the spoilage

54
Q

Who discovered immunity and how?

A

Edward Jenner
-by injecting a young boy with cowpox
-then the child never again contracted small pox

55
Q

What did Robert Koch discover

A

That bacterium causes anthrax
-linked disease to a microbe

Microbiologyh (18 decks)

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