Chapter One

Question 1

MICRO stands for

Answer 1

-microscopic
-independent units
-complex
-rapid growth rate
-omnipresent

Question 2

Why is it important to study microbiology (3 things)

Answer 2

1. Prevents disease
2. Develops techniques to prevent disease
3. Prevents food spoilage

Question 3

Omnipresent means

Answer 3

Always present
-different organisms are in different forms

Question 4

Prokaryotic (DNA/organelles/cell wall)

Answer 4

Pre-nucleus
-DNA found in nucleoid
-no organelles besides ribosomes
-complex cell wall

Question 5

DNA in the prokaryotic cell

Answer 5

Found in the nucleoid
-one long circular structure
-contains all genetic material

Question 6

Ribosome function

Answer 6

Protein synthesis

Question 7

What are the cell walls of prokaryotic cells made of

Answer 7

Peptidoglycan

Question 8

What is the function of peptidoglycan?

Answer 8

The body uses this to destroy the microorganism

Question 9

What are two types of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 9

-bacteria
-archae bacteria

Question 10

Archae bacteria (3 points)

Answer 10

-love extreme environments (such as hot springs)
-ancient, plant looking
-do not cause disease

Question 11

How do archae bacteria not cause disease?

Answer 11

The wall is made up of PSEUDO PEPTIDOGLYCAN

Question 12

Which are disease bearing, bacteria or archae bacteria?

Answer 12

Bacteria is disease bearing

Question 13

Do bacteria contain a cell wall?

Answer 13

Yes, made up of peptidoglycan

Question 14

What environment do archae bacteria and bacteria live in?

Answer 14

Bacteria - similar to humans
Archae bacteria - extreme environments (eg hot springs)

Question 15

Bacteria colonies are ____ due to _____

Answer 15

1. Very large
2. Rapid growth

Question 16

Does archae bacteria cause disease? Why or why not?

Answer 16

No, Archae bacteria does not cause disease
-cell wall made up of pseudo peptidoglycan

Question 17

What do bacteria do in besides bearing disease?

Answer 17

In humans, bacteria can aid in
-digestion
-immunity
-enzyme function

Question 18

Eukaryote (DNA/organelles/wall/replication)

Answer 18

True nucleus
-DNA found in nucleus
-several organelles
-no wall
-mitosis and meiosis

Question 19

How do eukaryote divide?

Answer 19

Mitosis and meiosis

Question 20

DNA in eukaryote

Answer 20

Found in the nucleus
-several chromosomes

Question 21

What are the differences between eukaryote and prokaryotic cells

Answer 21

Pro- DNA found in nucleoid, only contains ribosomes, complex cell wall, binary fision
Eu- DNA found in nucleus, contain several organelles, thin cell wall, mitosis meiosis

Question 22

What are examples of eukaryotes? (Five)

Answer 22

-fungi
-algae
-proto
-multicellular animal parasites
-viruses

Question 23

Fungi

Answer 23

-opportunistic
-adapt easily
Found in vaginal and nail infections

Question 24

Algae

Answer 24

Not as pathogenic
-exception would be found in seafood

Question 25

Proto

Answer 25

Infectious -example: malaria

Question 26

Multicellular animal parasites

Answer 26

-heart worm

Question 27

Viruses

Answer 27

-all absolute parasites -love the human body -extremely contagious due to mixing vesicle

Question 28

Four examples of viruses

Answer 28

-measles -HIV -hep -COVID 19

Question 29

Is fungi a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

Answer 29

Eukaryote

Question 30

Is a virus a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

Answer 30

Eukaryote

Question 31

is a archae bacteria a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

Answer 31

Prokaryotic

Question 32

Is a multicellular animal parasite a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

Answer 32

Eukaryote

Question 33

Is a proto a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

Answer 33

Eukaryotic

Question 34

Is bacteria a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

Answer 34

Prokaryotic

Question 35

Is algae a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?

Answer 35

Eukaryote

Question 36

COVID 19 is apart of what family

Answer 36

The rhino virus otherwise known as common cold

Question 37

What is unique to the corona virus

Answer 37

They contain spikes, which make it difficul to destroy

Question 38

What is the golden age of biology

Answer 38

Period of time with heightened health discoveries

Question 39

What was the time period of the first golden age of biology

Answer 39

1857 to 1914

Question 40

What scientist was prominent in 1876

Answer 40

Robert Koch

Question 41

What scientist was prominent in 1861

Answer 41

Louis Pasteur

Question 42

What scientist was prominent in 1796

Answer 42

Edward Jenner

Question 43

What were the two scientific discoveries of Louis Pasteur

Answer 43

1. Theory that life only comes from life 2. Fermentation and pasterization

Question 44

Microbial growth would indicate that

Answer 44

The flask is not sealed

Question 45

No microbial growth would indicate that

Answer 45

The flask was sealed

Question 46

Biogenesis

Answer 46

The concept of living cells arise only from pre-existing living cells

Question 47

Describe Louis Pasteur’s experiment

Answer 47

-filled short neck flasks with beef broth and boiled their contents -left some open and allowed to cool, these flasks were contaminated -the other flasks that were sealed were free of microorganisms

Question 48

What did Louis Pasteur invent that is extremely useful in clinical setting

Answer 48

S shaped flasks

Question 49

Why are S shaped flasks such an important discovery

Answer 49

They allow air to pass through but still trap any airborne microorganisms from getting inside

Question 50

What is fermentation?

Answer 50

The process of yeast converting sugar to alcohol in the absence of air -used to make wine and beer

Question 51

Who discovered fermentation

Answer 51

Louis Pasteur

Question 52

What is pasterization

Answer 52

Reduces spoilage and kill potentially harmful bacteria

Question 53

Who discovered pasteurization and how?

Answer 53

Louis Pasteur -by boiling beer and wine just enough to kill most of the bacteria that caused the spoilage

Question 54

Who discovered immunity and how?

Answer 54

Edward Jenner -by injecting a young boy with cowpox -then the child never again contracted small pox

Question 55

What did Robert Koch discover

Answer 55

That bacterium causes anthrax -linked disease to a microbe