Chapter One Flashcards
MICRO stands for
-microscopic
-independent units
-complex
-rapid growth rate
-omnipresent
Why is it important to study microbiology (3 things)
- Prevents disease
- Develops techniques to prevent disease
- Prevents food spoilage
Omnipresent means
Always present
-different organisms are in different forms
Prokaryotic (DNA/organelles/cell wall)
Pre-nucleus
-DNA found in nucleoid
-no organelles besides ribosomes
-complex cell wall
DNA in the prokaryotic cell
Found in the nucleoid
-one long circular structure
-contains all genetic material
Ribosome function
Protein synthesis
What are the cell walls of prokaryotic cells made of
Peptidoglycan
What is the function of peptidoglycan?
The body uses this to destroy the microorganism
What are two types of prokaryotic cells?
-bacteria
-archae bacteria
Archae bacteria (3 points)
-love extreme environments (such as hot springs)
-ancient, plant looking
-do not cause disease
How do archae bacteria not cause disease?
The wall is made up of PSEUDO PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Which are disease bearing, bacteria or archae bacteria?
Bacteria is disease bearing
Do bacteria contain a cell wall?
Yes, made up of peptidoglycan
What environment do archae bacteria and bacteria live in?
Bacteria - similar to humans
Archae bacteria - extreme environments (eg hot springs)
Bacteria colonies are ____ due to _____
- Very large
- Rapid growth
Does archae bacteria cause disease? Why or why not?
No, Archae bacteria does not cause disease
-cell wall made up of pseudo peptidoglycan
What do bacteria do in besides bearing disease?
In humans, bacteria can aid in
-digestion
-immunity
-enzyme function
Eukaryote (DNA/organelles/wall/replication)
True nucleus
-DNA found in nucleus
-several organelles
-no wall
-mitosis and meiosis
How do eukaryote divide?
Mitosis and meiosis
DNA in eukaryote
Found in the nucleus
-several chromosomes
What are the differences between eukaryote and prokaryotic cells
Pro- DNA found in nucleoid, only contains ribosomes, complex cell wall, binary fision
Eu- DNA found in nucleus, contain several organelles, thin cell wall, mitosis meiosis
What are examples of eukaryotes? (Five)
-fungi
-algae
-proto
-multicellular animal parasites
-viruses
Fungi
-opportunistic
-adapt easily
Found in vaginal and nail infections
Algae
Not as pathogenic
-exception would be found in seafood
Proto
Infectious
-example: malaria
Multicellular animal parasites
-heart worm
Viruses
-all absolute parasites
-love the human body
-extremely contagious due to mixing vesicle
Four examples of viruses
-measles
-HIV
-hep
-COVID 19
Is fungi a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?
Eukaryote
Is a virus a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?
Eukaryote
is a archae bacteria a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic
Is a multicellular animal parasite a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?
Eukaryote
Is a proto a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic
Is bacteria a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic
Is algae a eukaryote or prokaryotic cell?
Eukaryote
COVID 19 is apart of what family
The rhino virus otherwise known as common cold
What is unique to the corona virus
They contain spikes, which make it difficul to destroy
What is the golden age of biology
Period of time with heightened health discoveries
What was the time period of the first golden age of biology
1857 to 1914
What scientist was prominent in 1876
Robert Koch
What scientist was prominent in 1861
Louis Pasteur
What scientist was prominent in 1796
Edward Jenner
What were the two scientific discoveries of Louis Pasteur
- Theory that life only comes from life
- Fermentation and pasterization
Microbial growth would indicate that
The flask is not sealed
No microbial growth would indicate that
The flask was sealed
Biogenesis
The concept of living cells arise only from pre-existing living cells
Describe Louis Pasteur’s experiment
-filled short neck flasks with beef broth and boiled their contents
-left some open and allowed to cool, these flasks were contaminated
-the other flasks that were sealed were free of microorganisms
What did Louis Pasteur invent that is extremely useful in clinical setting
S shaped flasks
Why are S shaped flasks such an important discovery
They allow air to pass through but still trap any airborne microorganisms from getting inside
What is fermentation?
The process of yeast converting sugar to alcohol in the absence of air
-used to make wine and beer
Who discovered fermentation
Louis Pasteur
What is pasterization
Reduces spoilage and kill potentially harmful bacteria
Who discovered pasteurization and how?
Louis Pasteur
-by boiling beer and wine just enough to kill most of the bacteria that caused the spoilage
Who discovered immunity and how?
Edward Jenner
-by injecting a young boy with cowpox
-then the child never again contracted small pox
What did Robert Koch discover
That bacterium causes anthrax
-linked disease to a microbe
