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microbiologyh > Chapter 22 - Disease Of The Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 22 - Disease Of The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial meningitis

A

Inflammation of meninges, accumulation of WBC’s that causes swelling

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2
Q

Symptoms of bacterial meningitis

A

Initially severe headache, nausea, violent vomiting
-stiff neck
-convulsions, coma, possible death in 24 hours
-rapid diagnosis

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3
Q

Symptoms of bacteria meningitis for adults

A

Kernigs sign or stiff neck

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4
Q

Symptoms of bacterial meningitis for children

A

Stiffness of hamstring for children

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5
Q

Diagnosis for bacterial meningitis

A

Lumbar puncture, CSF, simple gram stain and quick treatment plan

Serology test, IG molecules prepared (antibodies)

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6
Q

Treatment for bacterial meningitis

A

Third generation of cephalosporin (safe drug)
-vaccine and do not share saliva contact

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7
Q

Bacterial meningitis - haemophilus influenza

> Who is susceptible, strains, prevention

A

-six month to four year old
-six strains A-F (most common is B, 95% of cases)
-prevention is the HIB vaccine

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8
Q

Bacterial meningitis - neisseria meningitis

> susceptible, symptoms, spread, one other

A

The most dangerous, very quick and fatal
-up to age five and young adults (or people in close proximity)
-symptoms—> throbbing headache, sore throat
-spreads in blood, causing tissue destruction
-petechiae

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9
Q

Petechiae

A

Bluish spots of dead tissue
-amputation, paralysis or deafness (residual damage)

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10
Q

Bacterial meningitis - streptococcus pneumoniae

-susceptible, strains, entry points, starts as

A

-up to age 5 (30%) and elderly (80%)
-82 strains (serology used)
-entry points—> sinusitis, otitis media, head and neck surgery, trauma
-starts as pneumoniae into brain

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11
Q

Bacterial meningitis - listeria monocytogenes

-spread by, susceptible, other

A

-listeriosis
-spread by food, psychotroph
-immunosuppressed or cancer
-older males, drinking and smoking
-pregnant women can transfer to fetus, causing very ill baby, stillborn, miscarriage

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis - Escherichia coli

A

Transferred via birth canal

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13
Q

Tetanus is caused by

A

Clostridium tetani

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14
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Rod, anaerobe, endospore lollypop, soil contamination

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15
Q

Tetanus toxin and symptoms

A

A and B exotoxin, blocks relaxation, inhibits GABA causing spasms

-spasms
-restlessness and irritability
-stiff neck, lock jaw, back spasms (opisthotonus)

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16
Q

Tetanus leads to death when

A

It’s targeted the cardiovascular and respiratory system

17
Q

Botulism is caused by

A

Clostridium botulinum

18
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Rods, anaerobe, endospore lolly, soil contamination

19
Q

Botulism

A

-strains: A, B, E, F will affect humans
-lethal form of food poisoning —> canned food, except tomato’s they are acidic
-takes 12 to 36 hours to develop

20
Q

Botulism toxins and symptoms

A

A and B exotoxins
-inhibits acetylcholine, causing flaccid paralysis

Starts with dry mouth, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, constipation in children, blurred vision (first neural sign)
CV/R leads to death

21
Q

Leprosy is caused by

A

Mycobacterium leprae

22
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

Mycolic acid, rods, aerobic
-acid fast stain, long generation time
-resistant to environment and antibiotics

23
Q

Leprosy is otherwise called

A

Hanson’s disease

24
Q

Leprosy

A

-acid fast rod invades PNS or nerves
-growth and long generation time (mycolic acid)
-prolonged contact with infected person

25
Q

Leprosy treatment

A

Dapsone, rifampin, clofazimine

26
Q

Tuberculoid form

A

Nodular areas in skin
-loose sensation
-healable, just treat for six months
-cell mediated immunity
-paucebacillary

27
Q

Lepromatous form

A

Loss of sensation and nodules
-nose falls apart
-claw shaped hand
-necrosis
-die to secondary infections

28
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Infantile paralysis

29
Q

Poliomyelitis
-route, symptoms, other e

A

-fecal oral route

-symptoms: sore throat, nausea, enter lymph nodes and blood stream

Viremia

30
Q

Viremia

A

Virus in blood

31
Q

Transient form versus persistent form

A

T—> immune system beats it and there are no clinical symptoms, get better

P—> immune system weak and virus move into CNS and kills motor neurons causing paralysis

32
Q

Poliomyelitis vaccines

A

-salik —> killed vaccine and made IDV, form of vaccine—> safe to take but need boosts

-sabin—> weakened virus and made OPV form of vaccine—> less expensive, easy to administer one dose

33
Q

IDV vs OPV

A

IDV- inactivated polio vaccine

OPV- oral polio vaccine

microbiologyh (18 decks)

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