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Microbiologyh > Chapter Six > Flashcards

Chapter Six Flashcards

1
Q

Determinents of growth

A

-temperature
-pH
-osmotic pressure
-oxygen

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2
Q

Temperature has how many groups based on temperature preference

A

Five groups

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3
Q

Psychrophile

A

Cold loving
-can be true loving or facilitated

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4
Q

Facilitated is the same as

A

Psychrotrophs

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5
Q

(Range of growth/optimum/found) true loving psychrophile

A

Range: 0 to 20/25
Optimum: 15
Found: cold regions

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6
Q

(Range of growth/optimum/example) Psychrotrophs

A

Range: 0 to 40
Optimum: 20 to 30
Example: mold

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7
Q

(Range of growth/optimum/found) mesophile

A

Range: 25 to 45 - 50
Optimum: 37
Example: pathogenic and extremely concerning

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8
Q

(Range of growth/optimum/example) thermophiles

A

Range: 45 to 80
Optimum 50 to 60
Example: no health concerns to human beings

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9
Q

(Range of growth/found) hyperthermophiles

A

Range: 100 to 110 (boiling)
Found: in the depths of ocean and a decomposing pile

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10
Q

Bacteria ideal growth in pH

A

6.5 to 7.5

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11
Q

Mold/yeast pH ideal pH level

A

5 to 6

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12
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The pressure of surrounding water- that is essential for growth and nutrients
-high osmotic pressure is dangerous for cell growth

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13
Q

Isotonic

A

Same solute and water concentration compared to bodily fluids

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14
Q

Hypertonic

A

High solute low water concentration

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15
Q

Hypotonic

A

Low solute high water concentration

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16
Q

Osmotic pressure is an example of

A

Preservatives
-salt and sugars

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17
Q

Microbial life cannot survive what in osmotic pressure

A

Changes in osmotic pressures

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18
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

-need O2 for growth and energy since oxygen becomes completer of ETC
-high ATP yield
Example: most bacteria

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19
Q

How does obligate aerobes deal with toxic oxygen

A

Enzyme catalase + SOD = neutralized oxygen

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20
Q

Obligate anaerobic

A

-does not use o2 for energy and growth as it doesn’t do ETC or KREB cycle
-absorbs only inorganic molecules
-ATP is variable

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21
Q

Obligate anerobe is an example of

A

Any form of colistridum

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22
Q

How do obligate anaerobes deal with toxic oxygen

A

They do not deal with it since oxygen is already harmful

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23
Q

Faculatative anerobe

A

-can use o2 for energy and growth (inc ATP inc growth)
-doesn’t need o2 for energy and growth (will just slow ATP and growth)

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24
Q

example of facultative anerobe

A

E coli

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25
Q

How does facultative anerobe deal with oxygen toxicity

A

-enzyme catalase and SOD to neutralize oxygen

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26
Q

Aerotolarent anerobe

A

-tolerates o2 but prefers without (which is fermentation)
-organic molecule is end result

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27
Q

What happens if aerotolarent anerobe is in the prescience of oxygen

A

Growth continues, but does not occur due to that

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28
Q

Example of aerotolarent anaerobe

A

Lactobacillus (creates lactic acid hence anerobic)
-yogurt and yeast

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29
Q

Yeast end results and function

A

Co2- bread rising
Ethanol - alcohol

30
Q

How does aerotolarent anerobe deal with oxygen toxicity

A

One enzyme, SOD, allows partial neutralization
-o2 is tolerate

31
Q

Microaerophils

A

-love o2 in small quantities
-need low concentration around 2 to 10 percent
-are aerobic

32
Q

Example of microaerophils

A

Helicobacter pylori (stomach or peptic ulcer)

Campylobacter jejuni (gastroenteritis)

33
Q

Singlet oxygen

A

-a toxic form of oxygen
-large bodies can handle, but small bodies cannot

34
Q

Singlet oxygen in small bodies can lead to

A

Super oxide free radicals

35
Q

What is super oxide free radicals

A

O2 ~-
Eventually leads kills cell

36
Q

What neutralizes super oxide free radicals?

A

Super oxide dismutase

37
Q

Super oxide dismutase formula

A

O2~- + O2~ +H —-> H2O2 + O2
-SOD is involved

38
Q

What is the problem with superoxide dismutase

A

The cell has H2O2
-very dangerous and leads too O2(2-)

39
Q

What are two ways of dealing with toxic oxygen

A

-enzyme catalase
-enzyme peroxide

40
Q

Formula for enzyme catalase

A

H2O2 —> H2O + O2

41
Q

Enzyme peroxide formula

A

H2O2 + 2H —> H2O

42
Q

Culture medium

A

Nutrients prepared for microbial growth

43
Q

Sterile

A

No living microbes

44
Q

inoculum

A

Introduction of microbes into medium

45
Q

Culture

A

Microbes growing on medium
-shows type of growth but not type of organism

46
Q

Agar

A

Solidifying agent
-sterilizes broth
-melts and cools to solidify broth but can still be poured

47
Q

Agar melts at

48
Q

Agar cools at

49
Q

Agar is solid at

50
Q

Pure culture

A

Only one species/stain

51
Q

Colony

A

Pop off cells arising from cell, spore or group of attached cells

52
Q

Different types of streak plating

A

-selective media
-differential media
-selection and differentiation

53
Q

Selective media

A

Suppress everything else
-use only what you want

54
Q

Example of selective media

A

Salmonella typhus
-using bismuth sulfide agar

55
Q

Differential media

A

Can’t select but differentiates

56
Q

Examples of differential media

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
-using blood agar

57
Q

Selection and differentiation

A

Very rare, and suppresses unwanted microbes

58
Q

Example of selection and differentiation

A

Staphylococcus aureus
-mannitol salt agar

59
Q

Salmonella typhus causes

A

Typhoide fever

60
Q

Steptococcus pyogenes causes

A

Strep throat, can become GAS (invasive group A strep)

61
Q

Mannitol salt agar causes

A

Skin infections and MRSA and TSS

62
Q

binary fission

A

Cell elongates and divides into 2
-extremely fast

63
Q

Generation time is

A

Always constant

64
Q

What are the four phases of binary fission

A

-lag phase
-log form
-equilibrium
-death

65
Q

Lag phase

A

Is the active cells preparing for division but there is no visible growth

66
Q

Log form

A

Exponential growth

67
Q

Equilibrium

A

Stationary, there is no more increase of growth

68
Q

death form

A

Logarithmic decrease

69
Q

Of the four stages when are the bacteria most susceptible

A

During log form

70
Q

during log form what are the bacteria susceptible too

A

-antibiotics
-radiation
-antiseptics

Microbiologyh (18 decks)

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