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Microbiologyh > Chapter 21 - Microbial Diseases Of The Skin And Eyes > Flashcards

Chapter 21 - Microbial Diseases Of The Skin And Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus skin infections can be treated with

A

Penicillin

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2
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

-folliculis that infect hair follicle
-direct invasion

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3
Q

Sty

A

S. Aureus
-folliculitis of an eyelash

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4
Q

Furnace

A

S. Aureus
-pus formation
-red, swollen, pain, pus

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5
Q

Carbuncle

A

S. Aureus
-inflammation of tissue under skin
-pus, systemic; various organs
-surgical removal or drainage of pus, then start antibiotics

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6
Q

Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)

A

-found in children and elderly
-general redness on skin, irritation, rash
-no pus (blisters are filled with clear fluid)
-blisters break and skin peels off in sheets

-leaves skin vulnerable (to something like strep)

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7
Q

Why does SSSS cause blisters

A

Exfoliative exotoxin that destroys skin cells by breaking ester bonds
-desquamation

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8
Q

treatment for SSSS

A

Penicillin, isolation

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9
Q

What causes Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

S. Aureus

-tampons, after child birth and surgery

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10
Q

Symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

Fever, headache, muscle aches, confusion sunburn rash (becomes SSSS), nausea, bloodshot eyes, vomiting, diarrhea, kidney failure, shock, death

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11
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome (3)

A
  1. Super antigenic response due to TSS exotoxins (TSS toxin-1 or TSST-2)

2.tampon nutrient rich breeding ground for exotoxins and entry point

  1. Tampon material scrapes vagina epithelium (depletes Mg and triggers exotoxins)
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12
Q

Preventative for Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

Handwashing before and after, absorbency levels, change, do not wear at night

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13
Q

Impetigo symptoms (S. aureus)

A

Yellowish crusting pus sores, local inflammation

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14
Q

Impetigo (S. aureus)

A

-no exotoxin
-pyoderma
-affects newborns
-need stain

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15
Q

Streptococcal Pyogenes

A

Direct invasion -> M proteins

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16
Q

Impetigo (S.pyrogenes)

A

Yellowish crusting pus sores, no exotoxin, pyoderma, inflammation that enters lymph
-need stain
-affects preschool (3 to 5)

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17
Q

Erysipeias

A

S. Pyogenes

-infection of dermal regions (deeper)
-reddish

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18
Q

Erysipeias symptoms

A

Reddish, raised, can become septicaemia

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19
Q

Septicaemia

A

Blood born

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20
Q

Pyoderma

A

Enters lymph node and blood stream

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21
Q

Erysipeias is treated with

A

Penicillin and cephalosporin

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22
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

S. Pyogenes

-enters via breaks in skin and secretes: collagenaise, hyaluronidase, exotoxin A

-spreads to several organs
-50% mortality rate

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23
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis secretes (3)

A

-collagenaise
-hyaluronidase
-exotoxin A

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24
Q

-collagenaise

A

Breaks down tissues

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25
Q

-hyaluronidase

A

Fragment and breakdown tissue

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26
Q

-exotoxin A

A

Active
-cells react and disrupt (kill)

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27
Q

Treatment for necrotizing fasciitis

A

Amputation

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28
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Gram neg, pyocyanin

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29
Q

pyocyanin

A

Blue and green pus

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30
Q

Dermatitis

A

P. Aeruginosa

-goes away by itself, can last 2 weeks
-caused by water

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31
Q

Symptoms of dermatitis

A

Skin rash

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32
Q

Otitis externa

A

P. Aeruginosa

-middle ear infection, infects eardrum
-caused by water

33
Q

Opportunistic infections

A

P. Aeruginosa

-blue/green pus
-spread through flower vases, mop water

34
Q

Examples of Opportunistic infections

A

-post burn victims
-immunosuppressed and cancer patients
-cystic fibrosis

35
Q

warts are caused by

A

Human papilloma viruses or HPV

36
Q

HPV facts

A

50 species
-16 to 18 are associated with cervical cancer

37
Q

Warts are spread through

A

Interpersonal contact, formites (towels), sexual contact, moist areas

38
Q

Treatment for warts

A

Liquid nitrogen (freezing and cryotherapy), electrodessication, salicylic acid, laser

39
Q

What virus do you have for life

A

Human herpes simplex virus
-HHSV

40
Q

HHSV1 causes

A

Cold sores, fever, blisters

41
Q

HHSV 1 is spread by

A

Oral and respiratory route

42
Q

HHSV 1 is latent in

A

Trigeminal nerve (near the eye)
-CN V
-site of activity on margin of the lips

43
Q

HHSV 1 reaccurance

A

Hormonal or emotional
-goes away on its own

44
Q

Other forms of HHSV 1

A

-hepatic whitlow (finger)
-ocular infections (eye)

45
Q

HHV 2 causes

A

Genital sores

46
Q

HHV 2 latent in

A

Sacral nerve

47
Q

What is the danger of HHV 2

A

H2 encephalitis
-70 percent death rate
-enter the brain via blood

48
Q

Treatment for HHV 2

A

Acyclovir (travels towards brain)

49
Q

Other forms of HHV 2

A

Hepatic whitlow and ocular infections

50
Q

Hepatic whitlow

A

Finger infection, latent in arm and upper arm nerves (brachial)

51
Q

Ocular herpes

A

Eye infection

52
Q

Herpes 1 and 2 can only happen between

A

Oral sex

53
Q

HHSV 3 causes

A

Varicella and zoster

54
Q

Varicella causes

A

Chicken pox

55
Q

Process of varicella

A

Macule —> papule —>vesicle, then fills with fluid —>pustle —>crusts —> scars

56
Q

Pustle

A

Pus, scraping, causes secondary infections

57
Q

Varicella is spread by

A

Respiratory tract into blood into skin

58
Q

Varicella is latent

A

In dorsal root ganglion (spinal nerve) and reappears as shingles

59
Q

Varicella treatment

A

Immunization

60
Q

Zoster causes

A

Shingles

61
Q

Zoster is found in

A

Dorsal root ganglion, then moves down to infect (pestular expression)

62
Q

Zoster symptoms

A

-not itchy but painful and lasting weeks

63
Q

Where is zoster located

A

Girdle area of body (abdomen)

64
Q

Treatment for zoster

A

Vaccine for 50+

65
Q

Exanthem

A
66
Q

Two forms of measles

A

-rubeola
-rubella

67
Q

Symptoms of rubeola

A

Macular red rash
-normal cold fever flu
-Koplik spots (oral lining with white dots) that appear all over body
-can become middle ear infection or pneumonia

68
Q

If rubeola appears in pregnant women

A

Low birth weight, still born, miscarriage

69
Q

Risk of rubeola

A

-Brain encephalitis
-subacute sclerosis pain ecephalitis (persistent brain infection)

70
Q

Rubeola treatment

A

MmR vaccine, no antivirals

71
Q

Rubella symptoms

A

Three day measles, much milder
-pink rash (high conjentile transfer)

72
Q

Rubella risk

A

Sever baby mental defects, cataracts, deafness

73
Q

Rubella treatment

A

MmR vaccine, no antivirals

74
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Pink eye/red eye
-bacteria or virus (rubeola)

75
Q

Symptoms of conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of eye, red, swollen, teary, highly selective, pus

76
Q

Conjunctivitis is spread by

A

Contact lenses
-pseudomonas

77
Q

Trachoma

A

C.trachomatis

-leading cause of blindness

78
Q

Trachoma symptoms

A

Start as connectivity’s of eyelid, then eyelid turn inward, abroading cornea causing trichiasis

-loss of eye sight leads to blindness

79
Q

Trachoma treatment

A

Tetracycline, erythromycin and penicillin

Microbiologyh (18 decks)

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