Chapter 21 - Microbial Diseases Of The Skin And Eyes Flashcards
Staphylococcus skin infections can be treated with
Penicillin
Staphylococcus aureus
-folliculis that infect hair follicle
-direct invasion
Sty
S. Aureus
-folliculitis of an eyelash
Furnace
S. Aureus
-pus formation
-red, swollen, pain, pus
Carbuncle
S. Aureus
-inflammation of tissue under skin
-pus, systemic; various organs
-surgical removal or drainage of pus, then start antibiotics
Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
-found in children and elderly
-general redness on skin, irritation, rash
-no pus (blisters are filled with clear fluid)
-blisters break and skin peels off in sheets
-leaves skin vulnerable (to something like strep)
Why does SSSS cause blisters
Exfoliative exotoxin that destroys skin cells by breaking ester bonds
-desquamation
treatment for SSSS
Penicillin, isolation
What causes Toxic Shock Syndrome
S. Aureus
-tampons, after child birth and surgery
Symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome
Fever, headache, muscle aches, confusion sunburn rash (becomes SSSS), nausea, bloodshot eyes, vomiting, diarrhea, kidney failure, shock, death
Toxic Shock Syndrome (3)
- Super antigenic response due to TSS exotoxins (TSS toxin-1 or TSST-2)
2.tampon nutrient rich breeding ground for exotoxins and entry point
- Tampon material scrapes vagina epithelium (depletes Mg and triggers exotoxins)
Preventative for Toxic Shock Syndrome
Handwashing before and after, absorbency levels, change, do not wear at night
Impetigo symptoms (S. aureus)
Yellowish crusting pus sores, local inflammation
Impetigo (S. aureus)
-no exotoxin
-pyoderma
-affects newborns
-need stain
Streptococcal Pyogenes
Direct invasion -> M proteins
Impetigo (S.pyrogenes)
Yellowish crusting pus sores, no exotoxin, pyoderma, inflammation that enters lymph
-need stain
-affects preschool (3 to 5)
Erysipeias
S. Pyogenes
-infection of dermal regions (deeper)
-reddish
Erysipeias symptoms
Reddish, raised, can become septicaemia
Septicaemia
Blood born
Pyoderma
Enters lymph node and blood stream
Erysipeias is treated with
Penicillin and cephalosporin
Necrotizing fasciitis
S. Pyogenes
-enters via breaks in skin and secretes: collagenaise, hyaluronidase, exotoxin A
-spreads to several organs
-50% mortality rate
Necrotizing fasciitis secretes (3)
-collagenaise
-hyaluronidase
-exotoxin A
-collagenaise
Breaks down tissues
-hyaluronidase
Fragment and breakdown tissue
-exotoxin A
Active
-cells react and disrupt (kill)
Treatment for necrotizing fasciitis
Amputation
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram neg, pyocyanin
pyocyanin
Blue and green pus
Dermatitis
P. Aeruginosa
-goes away by itself, can last 2 weeks
-caused by water
Symptoms of dermatitis
Skin rash
Otitis externa
P. Aeruginosa
-middle ear infection, infects eardrum
-caused by water
Opportunistic infections
P. Aeruginosa
-blue/green pus
-spread through flower vases, mop water
Examples of Opportunistic infections
-post burn victims
-immunosuppressed and cancer patients
-cystic fibrosis
warts are caused by
Human papilloma viruses or HPV
HPV facts
50 species
-16 to 18 are associated with cervical cancer
Warts are spread through
Interpersonal contact, formites (towels), sexual contact, moist areas
Treatment for warts
Liquid nitrogen (freezing and cryotherapy), electrodessication, salicylic acid, laser
What virus do you have for life
Human herpes simplex virus
-HHSV
HHSV1 causes
Cold sores, fever, blisters
HHSV 1 is spread by
Oral and respiratory route
HHSV 1 is latent in
Trigeminal nerve (near the eye)
-CN V
-site of activity on margin of the lips
HHSV 1 reaccurance
Hormonal or emotional
-goes away on its own
Other forms of HHSV 1
-hepatic whitlow (finger)
-ocular infections (eye)
HHV 2 causes
Genital sores
HHV 2 latent in
Sacral nerve
What is the danger of HHV 2
H2 encephalitis
-70 percent death rate
-enter the brain via blood
Treatment for HHV 2
Acyclovir (travels towards brain)
Other forms of HHV 2
Hepatic whitlow and ocular infections
Hepatic whitlow
Finger infection, latent in arm and upper arm nerves (brachial)
Ocular herpes
Eye infection
Herpes 1 and 2 can only happen between
Oral sex
HHSV 3 causes
Varicella and zoster
Varicella causes
Chicken pox
Process of varicella
Macule —> papule —>vesicle, then fills with fluid —>pustle —>crusts —> scars
Pustle
Pus, scraping, causes secondary infections
Varicella is spread by
Respiratory tract into blood into skin
Varicella is latent
In dorsal root ganglion (spinal nerve) and reappears as shingles
Varicella treatment
Immunization
Zoster causes
Shingles
Zoster is found in
Dorsal root ganglion, then moves down to infect (pestular expression)
Zoster symptoms
-not itchy but painful and lasting weeks
Where is zoster located
Girdle area of body (abdomen)
Treatment for zoster
Vaccine for 50+
Exanthem
Two forms of measles
-rubeola
-rubella
Symptoms of rubeola
Macular red rash
-normal cold fever flu
-Koplik spots (oral lining with white dots) that appear all over body
-can become middle ear infection or pneumonia
If rubeola appears in pregnant women
Low birth weight, still born, miscarriage
Risk of rubeola
-Brain encephalitis
-subacute sclerosis pain ecephalitis (persistent brain infection)
Rubeola treatment
MmR vaccine, no antivirals
Rubella symptoms
Three day measles, much milder
-pink rash (high conjentile transfer)
Rubella risk
Sever baby mental defects, cataracts, deafness
Rubella treatment
MmR vaccine, no antivirals
Conjunctivitis
Pink eye/red eye
-bacteria or virus (rubeola)
Symptoms of conjunctivitis
Inflammation of eye, red, swollen, teary, highly selective, pus
Conjunctivitis is spread by
Contact lenses
-pseudomonas
Trachoma
C.trachomatis
-leading cause of blindness
Trachoma symptoms
Start as connectivity’s of eyelid, then eyelid turn inward, abroading cornea causing trichiasis
-loss of eye sight leads to blindness
Trachoma treatment
Tetracycline, erythromycin and penicillin
