Chapter Three

Question 1

Light source

Answer 1

Shines light on specimen

Question 2

condenser

Answer 2

Focuses light thru specimen

Question 3

Ocular lens

Answer 3

(Eye piece)
-remagnifies x10 the image produced by objective lens

Question 4

Body tube transmits

Answer 4

The image from the objective lens to ocular

Question 5

Objective lenses

Answer 5

Magnifies the specimen

Question 6

Stage holds the

Answer 6

Microscopic slide in position

Question 7

Diaphragm controls the

Answer 7

Amount of light entering the condenser

Question 8

Illuminator

Answer 8

The light source

Question 9

Stain

Answer 9

Salts composed of a positive and negative ion

Question 10

Chromophore of a stain

Answer 10

Coloring agents responsible for colours in a stain

Question 11

Acidic dye vs basic dye

Answer 11

Acidic dye- anion
Basic dye- cation

Question 12

Negative staining

Answer 12

Staining background instead of cell

Question 13

Bacteria is _____ charged, meaning it is never an _____ stain

Answer 13

Negatively, acidic

Question 14

Bacteria is ALWAYS a ____ stain

Answer 14

Basic

Question 15

Simple stain determines

Answer 15

Shape, arrangements and size of an organism

Question 16

Simple stain is a single ___ ____

Answer 16

Basic dye

Question 17

Does simple staining diagnose? q

Answer 17

No, its basic

Question 18

Simple stain, intensify original colour (what’s the word for this)

Answer 18

Mordant

Question 19

Differential stain function

Answer 19

Used for distinguishing and diagnosing between bacteria

Question 20

Types of differential stains

Answer 20

-gram stain
-acid fast stain

Question 21

What does the gram stain discover/how long is the procedure

Answer 21

Bacteria is either gram positive or negative
-multi step procedure (5 min)

Question 22

Primary step of gram stain

Answer 22

Using crystal violet
-purple +
-purple -

Question 23

Mordant step of gram stain

Answer 23

Iodine
-purple +
-purple -

Question 24

decolorizing stage of gram stain

Answer 24

Alcohol acetone
-purple +
- colourless -

Question 25

Counterstain step in gram stain

Answer 25

Safranin -purple + -red/pink -

Question 26

Why is there a difference in the gram stain

Answer 26

Due to difference in cell walls

Question 27

Purple is absorbed by (positive or negative?)

Answer 27

Both

Question 28

Colour is intensified and a CVI2 complex is formed (positive or negative?)

Answer 28

Both

Question 29

Due to a stacked layer, the CVI2 complex remains stuck and stays purple (positive or negative?)

Answer 29

Positive cell wall

Question 30

Peptidoglycan looses CVI2 due to outer membrane, then forms large holes (positive or negative?)

Answer 30

Negative cell wall

Question 31

Function of acid fast stain

Answer 31

Detects TB and leprosy -10 to 15 min but reliable and cheap

Question 32

Why do we need acid fast when we have gram stain?

Answer 32

Acid fast can diagnose myocobacterium and ensure that the patient has this before starting treatment

Question 33

Primary stage of acid fast

Answer 33

Carbolfushin -red + -red -

Question 34

Decolorzing stage of acid fast

Answer 34

Acid alcohol -red + -colourless -

Question 35

Counterstain stage of acid fast

Answer 35

Methylene blue -red + -blue -

Question 36

After acid fast what colour is a patient who HAS myocobacterium?

Answer 36

RED

Question 37

After acid fast what colour patient does not gave myocobacterium?

Answer 37

Blue

Question 38

Types of special stains

Answer 38

-capsule -Endospores -flagella

Question 39

Capsule stain

Answer 39

A way of determining if the cells contain a capsule

Question 40

Capsule stain: acidic stain

Answer 40

Background will be very dark

Question 41

Capsule stain: water wash

Answer 41

Objects can float away, so have to be careful and slow

Question 42

Capsule stain: simple

Answer 42

Cells will have a hollowed out region, indicating capsule

Question 43

Endospores stain

Answer 43

-clinically very important Determining if there are Endospores present

Question 44

Endospores stain: primary stain

Answer 44

-malachite green -needs 6min of heat

Question 45

Endospores stain: Counterstain

Answer 45

Green dot will appear in center of cell will show Endospores

Question 46

Flagella stain

Answer 46

Shows flagella’s in cells

Question 47

Flagella stain: carob fusion

Answer 47

-red due

Question 48

Flagella stain: mordant

Answer 48

-potassium alum Intensifies colour and diameter of flagella

Question 49

Inconsistency in flagella stain

Answer 49

Flagella appears as frimbrae and floats away