Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiologyh > Chapter Eight > Flashcards

Chapter Eight Flashcards

1
Q

Gene

A

Portion of DNA
-what is copied into a functional product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genome

A

Entire genetic makeup
-include genes and nucleotide
-genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Genetics

A

Study of genes and heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Enzyme DNA helicase

A

Unwinds DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Enzyme DNA gyrase

A

Stabilizes DNA stopping from zipping back up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Polymerase DNA

A

Creates the new DNA
-eats up RNA primer
-proofreads and facilitate repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Polymerase RNA

A

Creates new RNA from a DNA template

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DNA ligase

A

Joins up okazaki fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antiparrellel nature

A

One of the strands of DNA is upsidown
-adds to stability
-end with a P is 5’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transcription

A

DNA copied as RNA
-not entire DNA just a segment (gene)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of RNA

A

-ribosomal
-transfer
-messenger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why during transcription does DNA only get copied as one strand?

A

Because RNA is a single strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is DNA found in a prokaryote

A

Nucleotide (free floating cytoplasm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where in eukaryote is DNA found

A

Nucleus
-not free floating
-exists thru nuclear pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RNA splicing

A

Cuts/shortens zip
-gets rid of intron but keeps axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MRNA is coded into

A

Three RNA nucleotides called codons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TRNA contains

A

Anticodon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anticodon reads

A

Codons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Prokaryote size of ribosomes

A

70s
-small

20
Q

Eukaryote ribosome size

A

80s
-larger

21
Q

Tetracycline erythromyicn

A

Targets 70s but leaves 80s

22
Q

Methionene

A

Starting amino acid
-AUG

23
Q

AUG

A

Start codon

24
Q

Stop codon

A

Starts with U
-UGA
-UAA
-UAG

25
Q

Genetic code

A

Set of rules
-determines how nucleotide is converted to amino acid
-universal

26
Q

1 codon =

A

1 amino acid

27
Q

Chromosomes

A

-contain DNA
-physically carry hereditary
-contain genes

28
Q

DNA is composed of

A

nucleotides

29
Q

Each strand of DNA is composed of

A

-alternating sugar and phosphate groups (backbone)

30
Q

Each strand of DNA is held together by

A

Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

31
Q

Base pairs

A

Adenine-thymine
Guanine-cytosine

32
Q

Flow of genetic information

A

DNA to RNA to protein

33
Q

Genotype

A

All genetic makeup
-potential properties

34
Q

Phenotypes

A

Actual expressed properties

35
Q

___ is a manifestation of ____

A

Phenotype, genotype

36
Q

Semiconservative replication

A

each new double stranded DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand

37
Q

DNA polymerase can add new nucleotides to the ___ end only

A

3’

38
Q

Leading strand

A

Synthesized continuously 5’ to 3’

39
Q

Lagging strand

A

Synthesized discontinously in Okazaki fragments, which have to be joined later

40
Q

Endonucleases

A

Cut DNA backbone in a strand of DNA
-facilitate repair and insertions

41
Q

Exonucleases

A

Cut DNA from an exposed end of DNA
-facilitate repair

42
Q

Primate

A

RNA polymerase that makes RNA primers from a DNA template

43
Q

Transcription

A

Synthesis of complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template

44
Q

Ribosomal RNA

A

The cellular machinery for protein synthesis alongside mRNA

45
Q

Messenger RNA

A

Carries coded information for making specific proteins from DNA to ribosomes
-where proteins are synthesized

46
Q

During transcription a strand of ___ is synthesized using a specific portion of the cells ___ as template

A

MRNA, DNA

47
Q

Transcription vs translation

A

Transcription —> DNA to RNA
Translation—> RNA to protein

Microbiologyh (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions