Chapter 24 - Microbia Diseases Of Respiratory Tract Flashcards
Strep throat is caused by
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Cocci in chains, aerotolerant
-attach by M protein
-grows in blood agar
Strep throat symptoms
Red, swollen, painful, yellow discharge (not in any virus)
-local inflammation
-no fever unless left untreated
Strep throat swab
Throat swab —> blood agar
Strep throat three things
-protein, treatment, other
-m protein
-very contagious
-treated with penicillin or erythromycin
Scarlet fever caused by
Untreated s.progenies
-exotoxin or erythrogenic exotoxin
Symptoms of scarlet fever
Fever, red skin rash, deep red coloured tongue
Children= very red
Scarlet fever- risk, treatment, other
-changes permeability of RBC
-contagious
-penicillin or erythromycin
Otitis media + symptoms
Middle ear infection
-extreme pain, vomiting, pain due to pus formation
Otitis media occurs from
Nasopahryngeal infection (nose and throat), strep throat, cold, contaminated water
-s.pneumoniae (35%)
Symptoms of otitis media
Extreme pain, vomiting, pain due to pus formation
What is diphtheria
-membrane on tonsils
-kills cells of URT, forming a pseudo membrane that is whitish grey
How does diphtheria progress
False membrane—> blocking throat causing suffocation —> death or quick tracheostomy
Diphtheria toxins
Exotoxin A and B
-stops protein synthesis
Symptoms of diphtheria
Mild fever, swelling of neck, fatigue, sore throat, fluid and thickens forming
Diphtheria treatment
-antibiotics at beginning, later has to be scraped or siurgically removed
Vaccine —> DTaP vaccine
Cutaneous diphtheria
Infected skin leading to slow healing ulcer
What is pertussis
Whopping cough
-capsule attaches to tracheal cells, can be spread by parents
Pertussis toxin
Exotoxin
-tracheal cytotoxic
Process of tracheal cytotoxic
Releases endotoxin —> release nitrous oxide —> death of ciliated —> tracheal cells (kill immune response0 —> mucous accumulation —> extreme coughing
Pertussis may lead too
-broken ribs
-blood shot eyes
-brain hemorrhages
-seizures
Vaccine for pertussis
DTaP
Three stages of pertussis
-catarrhal
-paroxysmal
-convalescence
Stage one catarrhal
Common cold
Stage two paroxysmal
Violent coughing stages
Stage three convalescence
Gets better, very long stage
What is tuberculosis
Mycobacterium
Tuberculosis in a healthy individual
Infection arrested by macrophages, immune system on high —> infection is present but no symptoms
Tuberculosis in partial failure
Macrophages didn’t arrest infection —> forms tubercle —> becomes calcified —> called GHON complex
Total failure tuberculosis
Total failure —> tubercle ruptures —> Millard TB throughout lungs
Symptoms of tuberculosis
Coughing blood, weight loss, fatigue and loss of vigour
Treatment of tuberculosis
Prolonged treatment with multiple antibiotics
Isoniazid
Blocks my colic acid formation
-liver toxicity
Ethambutol
Blocks from going into cell wal
Treatment for tuberculosis
Rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin
-BCG vaccine
Mantoux test
Purified version, ingested in forearm, can form red swelling if positive (there is tuberculosis)
Bacteria pneumonias
Inflammation of the lungs, alveoli fill with fluid
1/3 are nosocomial
Typical pneumonia
S.pneumoniae
Typical pneumonia (s.pneumoniae) susceptibility
COPD patients, diabetes, kidney disease, alcohol consumption, asthma
Symptoms of Typical pneumonia (s.pneumoniae)
High fever, breathing difficulty, chest pain, rust coloured sputum
Typical pneumonia (s.pneumoniae) can invade
Blood stream, pleural cavity and meninges
Atypical pneumoniae
Any other cause than streptococcus
-slower onset, less fever and chest pain
Pneumoniae: H. Influenza
-bacteria
-slow onset, grow in chocolate agar
-suseptible to alcohol consumption
Pneumoniae: mycoplasma
-walking pneumonia —> college students suseptible
-mild, but can develop otitis media and extreme fatigue
Pneumoniae: mycoplasma gram stain
Grow 2 c if diff than others
Pneumoniae: legionella
-Pontiac fever (mild) —> slow onset
-legionaries disease (fatal) —> CNS, GI, kidneys, liver
Pneumoniae: legionella treatment
Erythromycin and rifampin
Pneumoniae: Q fever
-coxiella burnetti
-endospore slow onset
RSV - respiratory syncytial virus
Forms giant cells in bronchioles, impedes air flow
-patient needs O2
Who is suseptible to RSV - respiratory syncytial virus
Very young (1-3) and elderly
RSV - respiratory syncytial virus other name
Houdini virus
-contagious
-hides from immune system and grows in lungs
Viral influenzae is what
The flu
Symptoms for viral influenzae
Chills, fever, headache, muscle aches
-no intestinal symptoms
Antigenic drift
N and H spikes mutate slightly each year
-annual
Antigenic shift
Complete genetic change of N and H spikes
