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Microbiologyh > Chapter 24 - Microbia Diseases Of Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Chapter 24 - Microbia Diseases Of Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Strep throat is caused by

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis

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2
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Cocci in chains, aerotolerant
-attach by M protein
-grows in blood agar

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3
Q

Strep throat symptoms

A

Red, swollen, painful, yellow discharge (not in any virus)
-local inflammation
-no fever unless left untreated

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4
Q

Strep throat swab

A

Throat swab —> blood agar

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5
Q

Strep throat three things
-protein, treatment, other

A

-m protein
-very contagious
-treated with penicillin or erythromycin

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6
Q

Scarlet fever caused by

A

Untreated s.progenies
-exotoxin or erythrogenic exotoxin

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7
Q

Symptoms of scarlet fever

A

Fever, red skin rash, deep red coloured tongue

Children= very red

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8
Q

Scarlet fever- risk, treatment, other

A

-changes permeability of RBC
-contagious
-penicillin or erythromycin

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9
Q

Otitis media + symptoms

A

Middle ear infection

-extreme pain, vomiting, pain due to pus formation

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10
Q

Otitis media occurs from

A

Nasopahryngeal infection (nose and throat), strep throat, cold, contaminated water

-s.pneumoniae (35%)

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11
Q

Symptoms of otitis media

A

Extreme pain, vomiting, pain due to pus formation

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12
Q

What is diphtheria

A

-membrane on tonsils
-kills cells of URT, forming a pseudo membrane that is whitish grey

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13
Q

How does diphtheria progress

A

False membrane—> blocking throat causing suffocation —> death or quick tracheostomy

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14
Q

Diphtheria toxins

A

Exotoxin A and B
-stops protein synthesis

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15
Q

Symptoms of diphtheria

A

Mild fever, swelling of neck, fatigue, sore throat, fluid and thickens forming

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16
Q

Diphtheria treatment

A

-antibiotics at beginning, later has to be scraped or siurgically removed

Vaccine —> DTaP vaccine

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17
Q

Cutaneous diphtheria

A

Infected skin leading to slow healing ulcer

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18
Q

What is pertussis

A

Whopping cough
-capsule attaches to tracheal cells, can be spread by parents

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19
Q

Pertussis toxin

A

Exotoxin
-tracheal cytotoxic

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20
Q

Process of tracheal cytotoxic

A

Releases endotoxin —> release nitrous oxide —> death of ciliated —> tracheal cells (kill immune response0 —> mucous accumulation —> extreme coughing

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21
Q

Pertussis may lead too

A

-broken ribs
-blood shot eyes
-brain hemorrhages
-seizures

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22
Q

Vaccine for pertussis

A

DTaP

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23
Q

Three stages of pertussis

A

-catarrhal
-paroxysmal
-convalescence

24
Q

Stage one catarrhal

A

Common cold

25
Q

Stage two paroxysmal

A

Violent coughing stages

26
Q

Stage three convalescence

A

Gets better, very long stage

27
Q

What is tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium

28
Q

Tuberculosis in a healthy individual

A

Infection arrested by macrophages, immune system on high —> infection is present but no symptoms

29
Q

Tuberculosis in partial failure

A

Macrophages didn’t arrest infection —> forms tubercle —> becomes calcified —> called GHON complex

30
Q

Total failure tuberculosis

A

Total failure —> tubercle ruptures —> Millard TB throughout lungs

31
Q

Symptoms of tuberculosis

A

Coughing blood, weight loss, fatigue and loss of vigour

32
Q

Treatment of tuberculosis

A

Prolonged treatment with multiple antibiotics

33
Q

Isoniazid

A

Blocks my colic acid formation
-liver toxicity

34
Q

Ethambutol

A

Blocks from going into cell wal

35
Q

Treatment for tuberculosis

A

Rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin
-BCG vaccine

36
Q

Mantoux test

A

Purified version, ingested in forearm, can form red swelling if positive (there is tuberculosis)

37
Q

Bacteria pneumonias

A

Inflammation of the lungs, alveoli fill with fluid
1/3 are nosocomial

38
Q

Typical pneumonia

A

S.pneumoniae

39
Q

Typical pneumonia (s.pneumoniae) susceptibility

A

COPD patients, diabetes, kidney disease, alcohol consumption, asthma

40
Q

Symptoms of Typical pneumonia (s.pneumoniae)

A

High fever, breathing difficulty, chest pain, rust coloured sputum

41
Q

Typical pneumonia (s.pneumoniae) can invade

A

Blood stream, pleural cavity and meninges

42
Q

Atypical pneumoniae

A

Any other cause than streptococcus
-slower onset, less fever and chest pain

43
Q

Pneumoniae: H. Influenza

A

-bacteria
-slow onset, grow in chocolate agar
-suseptible to alcohol consumption

44
Q

Pneumoniae: mycoplasma

A

-walking pneumonia —> college students suseptible
-mild, but can develop otitis media and extreme fatigue

45
Q

Pneumoniae: mycoplasma gram stain

A

Grow 2 c if diff than others

46
Q

Pneumoniae: legionella

A

-Pontiac fever (mild) —> slow onset
-legionaries disease (fatal) —> CNS, GI, kidneys, liver

47
Q

Pneumoniae: legionella treatment

A

Erythromycin and rifampin

48
Q

Pneumoniae: Q fever

A

-coxiella burnetti
-endospore slow onset

49
Q

RSV - respiratory syncytial virus

A

Forms giant cells in bronchioles, impedes air flow
-patient needs O2

50
Q

Who is suseptible to RSV - respiratory syncytial virus

A

Very young (1-3) and elderly

51
Q

RSV - respiratory syncytial virus other name

A

Houdini virus
-contagious
-hides from immune system and grows in lungs

52
Q

Viral influenzae is what

A

The flu

53
Q

Symptoms for viral influenzae

A

Chills, fever, headache, muscle aches
-no intestinal symptoms

54
Q

Antigenic drift

A

N and H spikes mutate slightly each year
-annual

55
Q

Antigenic shift

A

Complete genetic change of N and H spikes

Microbiologyh (18 decks)

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