Chapter 24 - Microbia Diseases Of Respiratory Tract

Question 1

Strep throat is caused by

Answer 1

Streptococcal pharyngitis

Question 2

Streptococcal pharyngitis

Answer 2

Cocci in chains, aerotolerant
-attach by M protein
-grows in blood agar

Question 3

Strep throat symptoms

Answer 3

Red, swollen, painful, yellow discharge (not in any virus)
-local inflammation
-no fever unless left untreated

Question 4

Strep throat swab

Answer 4

Throat swab —> blood agar

Question 5

Strep throat three things
-protein, treatment, other

Answer 5

-m protein
-very contagious
-treated with penicillin or erythromycin

Question 6

Scarlet fever caused by

Answer 6

Untreated s.progenies
-exotoxin or erythrogenic exotoxin

Question 7

Symptoms of scarlet fever

Answer 7

Fever, red skin rash, deep red coloured tongue

Children= very red

Question 8

Scarlet fever- risk, treatment, other

Answer 8

-changes permeability of RBC
-contagious
-penicillin or erythromycin

Question 9

Otitis media + symptoms

Answer 9

Middle ear infection

-extreme pain, vomiting, pain due to pus formation

Question 10

Otitis media occurs from

Answer 10

Nasopahryngeal infection (nose and throat), strep throat, cold, contaminated water

-s.pneumoniae (35%)

Question 11

Symptoms of otitis media

Answer 11

Extreme pain, vomiting, pain due to pus formation

Question 12

What is diphtheria

Answer 12

-membrane on tonsils
-kills cells of URT, forming a pseudo membrane that is whitish grey

Question 13

How does diphtheria progress

Answer 13

False membrane—> blocking throat causing suffocation —> death or quick tracheostomy

Question 14

Diphtheria toxins

Answer 14

Exotoxin A and B
-stops protein synthesis

Question 15

Symptoms of diphtheria

Answer 15

Mild fever, swelling of neck, fatigue, sore throat, fluid and thickens forming

Question 16

Diphtheria treatment

Answer 16

-antibiotics at beginning, later has to be scraped or siurgically removed

Vaccine —> DTaP vaccine

Question 17

Cutaneous diphtheria

Answer 17

Infected skin leading to slow healing ulcer

Question 18

What is pertussis

Answer 18

Whopping cough
-capsule attaches to tracheal cells, can be spread by parents

Question 19

Pertussis toxin

Answer 19

Exotoxin
-tracheal cytotoxic

Question 20

Process of tracheal cytotoxic

Answer 20

Releases endotoxin —> release nitrous oxide —> death of ciliated —> tracheal cells (kill immune response0 —> mucous accumulation —> extreme coughing

Question 21

Pertussis may lead too

Answer 21

-broken ribs
-blood shot eyes
-brain hemorrhages
-seizures

Question 22

Vaccine for pertussis

Answer 22

DTaP

Question 23

Three stages of pertussis

Answer 23

-catarrhal
-paroxysmal
-convalescence

Question 24

Stage one catarrhal

Answer 24

Common cold

Question 25

Stage two paroxysmal

Answer 25

Violent coughing stages

Question 26

Stage three convalescence

Answer 26

Gets better, very long stage

Question 27

What is tuberculosis

Answer 27

Mycobacterium

Question 28

Tuberculosis in a healthy individual

Answer 28

Infection arrested by macrophages, immune system on high —> infection is present but no symptoms

Question 29

Tuberculosis in partial failure

Answer 29

Macrophages didn’t arrest infection —> forms tubercle —> becomes calcified —> called GHON complex

Question 30

Total failure tuberculosis

Answer 30

Total failure —> tubercle ruptures —> Millard TB throughout lungs

Question 31

Symptoms of tuberculosis

Answer 31

Coughing blood, weight loss, fatigue and loss of vigour

Question 32

Treatment of tuberculosis

Answer 32

Prolonged treatment with multiple antibiotics

Question 33

Isoniazid

Answer 33

Blocks my colic acid formation -liver toxicity

Question 34

Ethambutol

Answer 34

Blocks from going into cell wal

Question 35

Treatment for tuberculosis

Answer 35

Rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin -BCG vaccine

Question 36

Mantoux test

Answer 36

Purified version, ingested in forearm, can form red swelling if positive (there is tuberculosis)

Question 37

Bacteria pneumonias

Answer 37

Inflammation of the lungs, alveoli fill with fluid 1/3 are nosocomial

Question 38

Typical pneumonia

Answer 38

S.pneumoniae

Question 39

Typical pneumonia (s.pneumoniae) susceptibility

Answer 39

COPD patients, diabetes, kidney disease, alcohol consumption, asthma

Question 40

Symptoms of Typical pneumonia (s.pneumoniae)

Answer 40

High fever, breathing difficulty, chest pain, rust coloured sputum

Question 41

Typical pneumonia (s.pneumoniae) can invade

Answer 41

Blood stream, pleural cavity and meninges

Question 42

Atypical pneumoniae

Answer 42

Any other cause than streptococcus -slower onset, less fever and chest pain

Question 43

Pneumoniae: H. Influenza

Answer 43

-bacteria -slow onset, grow in chocolate agar -suseptible to alcohol consumption

Question 44

Pneumoniae: mycoplasma

Answer 44

-walking pneumonia —> college students suseptible -mild, but can develop otitis media and extreme fatigue

Question 45

Pneumoniae: mycoplasma gram stain

Answer 45

Grow 2 c if diff than others

Question 46

Pneumoniae: legionella

Answer 46

-Pontiac fever (mild) —> slow onset -legionaries disease (fatal) —> CNS, GI, kidneys, liver

Question 47

Pneumoniae: legionella treatment

Answer 47

Erythromycin and rifampin

Question 48

Pneumoniae: Q fever

Answer 48

-coxiella burnetti -endospore slow onset

Question 49

RSV - respiratory syncytial virus

Answer 49

Forms giant cells in bronchioles, impedes air flow -patient needs O2

Question 50

Who is suseptible to RSV - respiratory syncytial virus

Answer 50

Very young (1-3) and elderly

Question 51

RSV - respiratory syncytial virus other name

Answer 51

Houdini virus -contagious -hides from immune system and grows in lungs

Question 52

Viral influenzae is what

Answer 52

The flu

Question 53

Symptoms for viral influenzae

Answer 53

Chills, fever, headache, muscle aches -no intestinal symptoms

Question 54

Antigenic drift

Answer 54

N and H spikes mutate slightly each year -annual

Question 55

Antigenic shift

Answer 55

Complete genetic change of N and H spikes