Chapter 25 - Micribial Diseases Of Digestive System Flashcards
What are dental caries
Tooth decay, streptococcus mutants
Process of dental caries
Attaches to tooth by capsule, causing plaque formation
symptoms of dental caries
Roughness on tooth, yellowish discolouring, sensitive, tooth may break into pieces
Two types of periodontal disease
-gingivitis
-periodontitis
Gingivitis
If dental caries is not maintained
-plaque between gum tissues and bleeding gums
What is gingivitis
S. Mutants
-gram negative bacteriodetes and fusobacterium
Periodontitis
If gingivitis is not maintained
-pockets in gums, gums receding, pus formation
Toxins in periodontitis
Prophyeommonas gingivitis are bacteriodetes in gums
-produce exotoxin and releases endotoxins
-degeneration of tooth structures
Treatment for periodontitis
Root canals
Infection
Bacteria through food or water
-grow in stomach
-has incubation period
Intoxication
Already growing in food, so instead you get toxins
Gastroenteritis
Can effects stomach, intestine and causes inflammation
Oral rehydration therapy
First step in treatment, cleans GI tract, after antibiotics
General symptoms
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, constipation and fever
Food poisoning staphylococcal is caused by
Food poisoning and s. Aureus
Food poisoning staphylococcal is spread by
Chicken, ham, creamy foods
Symptoms and toxin of Food poisoning staphylococcal
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-intoxication, super antigenic
Diagnosis of Food poisoning staphylococcal
Abrupt and violent, immediately after eating the toxin contaminated food
-1 to 6 hours
Treatment for Food poisoning staphylococcal
ORT and possible antibiotics
Shigellosis is caused by
Shigella dysenteries
Shigellosis symptoms and other
-severe bowel movements, dysentery, dehydration, slight fever
-incubation period of 12-36 hours, small intestine and moves to large
Toxin of Shigellosis
Infection of shiga exotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis in large intestinal cells and destroyers them completely
-leaving scare
Diagnosis and treatment of Shigellosis
Isolation of bacteria
-ORT and quinolones
Salmonellosis is caused by
Salmonella enterica
Salmonellaosis is spread by
Food sources: beef, poultry, spinach, cantaloupe, raw eggs
Salmonellaosis symptoms and toxin
Nausea and diarrhea
-endotoxin
Salmonellaosis diagnosis and treatment
-isolation of bacteria, serotyping
-ORT
Cholera is caused by
Vibrio cholerae
Cholera fluid loss
Lose 12-20L of fluid per day
-dehydrated
Symptoms of Cholera
Diarrhea, dehydration, shock, kidney failure, collapse, loss of body weight (50%)
Cholera toxins
A and B toxin turns intestinal cells into little pumps —> rice water stools
Treatment for Cholera
ORT
-water only
-antibiotics
Peptic ulcer disease is caused by
Helicobacter pylori
Peptic ulcer disease info (5)
-flagella
-exotoxin
-attach to stomach region
-phagocytosis
-enzyme urease
Symptoms of Peptic ulcer disease
Ulcer, pain, benching (constant)`
Peptic ulcer disease toxins
Exotoxin
-inhibits acid production in stomach
-enzyme urease
-converts proteins in stomach to urea —> ammonia —> alkaline pH
Diagnosis of Peptic ulcer disease
Urea breath analysis — radioactive urea
Bacterial culture - 95% of cases
Colitis is caused by
Clostridium difficile
Colitis is spread by
Endospore
Can occur with continued use of antibiotics —> stop all antibiotics —> reassess and start with new kind
Colitis symptoms
Life threatening diarrhea and abdominal pain
Colitis toxins
A and B exotoxin causing pseudomembranous colitis
-membrane of colon starts to fall off
Info and treatment on colitis
-kills all normal organisms in stomach and intestines
-ORT and metronidazole
ETEC or entero-toxigenic (symptoms and info)
-travellers diarrhea
-attaches to small intestine
EAEC or entero-aggregative (symptoms and info)
Diarrhea
-newer form forms in brick like arrangement, treat with ORT
EIEC or entero-invasive (symptoms and info)
-severe invasion dysentery
-attaches to large intestine
EPEC or entero-pathogenic (symptoms and info)
-severe chronic diarrhea
-common in newborns
EHEC or entero-hemorrhagic
-severe stomach problems
-source is beef, RBC and kidney hemorrhages causing hemolytic uremic syndrome
Mumps (entery and spread)
Respiratory route and settles in salivary glands
-very contagious
-spread into blood and discharge through urine or fecal mater
Mumps incubation
2-3 weeks
Symptoms of mumps
-swelling of parotid glands
-inability to chew or talk
-mild fever
-anorexia
-headaches
-can go into CNS/brain and cause meningitis or deafness
Symptoms of male/female specific for mumps
Males- enlargement and inflammation of penis
Female- pelvic pain, ovaries enlarged
Diagnosis and treatment for mumps
-urine and fecal samples
-MMR vaccine for prevention (mumps, measles, rubella)
Hep A: infectious form
(Transmission/chronic/vaccine/facts)
-fecal oral
-no
-inactivated virus
-causes jaundice, no deaths
Hep B: serum form (blood)
(Transmission/chronic/vaccine/facts)
-parenteral, STI, drug use
-yes
-recombinant 9genetically engineered yeast), lamivudine or 3-TC
-85% cases recover from a cute, 15% Dane particle doesn’t leave
Hep C (non-A-B)
(Transmission/chronic/vaccine/facts)
Parenteral, transfusion
-yes
-non, ribavirin + interferon
-80 to 85% causes are chronic, 15% liver disease
Hep D (defective)
(Transmission/chronic/vaccine/facts)
-parenteral, coinfection with Hep B
-yes
-HBV vaccine
-defective because its missing its capsule
Hep E
(Transmission/chronic/vaccine/facts)
-fecal oral
-no
-HAV vaccine
-high mortality rate in pregnant women
CMV or cutomegalovirus infections are caused by
HHSV-5 (human herpes)
CMV or cutomegalovirus infections are spread
Saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, congenital transfer—> babies have severe mental defects
CMV or cutomegalovirus infections symptoms and reoccurrence
-lymph nodes become enlarged 2-3x and called owls eyes
-latent in T cells (cardiovascular system)
Treatment, and chronic? CMV or cutomegalovirus infections
-ganciclovir (reduces viral load)
-chronic, retinitis
