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Microbiologyh > Chapter Five > Flashcards

Chapter Five Flashcards

1
Q

Enzyme (four stats)

A

-biological catalyst
-increases likelihood of reaction
-specific
-unharmed after reaction

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2
Q

What does it mean by enzymes being a biological catalyst

A

Speeds up a reaction but is not used up

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3
Q

How are enzymes specific

A

Has to fit into a ‘lock and key’ figure
-specific active site

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4
Q

Simple enzymes are made up of

A

Proteins

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5
Q

Conjugative enzyme is made up of

A

Apoenzyme (protein) and cofactor (non protein)

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6
Q

Apoenzyme is the

A

Protein portion

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7
Q

Cofactor is the

A

Non protein portion

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8
Q

Examples of inorganic cofactors

A

Mg+, Mn+, Fe+

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9
Q

Examples of organic cofactors

A

Coenzyme

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10
Q

Coenzyme

A

Are vitamins, mostly a form of vitamin B

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11
Q

What are the five different coenzymes

A

-NAD+
-NADP+
-FAD
-FMN
-Coenzyme A

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12
Q

NAD stands for

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

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13
Q

NADP stands for

A

Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate

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14
Q

FAD stands for

A

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

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15
Q

FMN stands for

A

Flavin mononucleotide

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16
Q

Coenzyme A stands for

A
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17
Q

Coenzymes are.. Electron carriers, this means what?

A

-particles from one breakdown to another (spreads)
-completes the enzyme (activates)

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18
Q

Influencing factors of enzymes (four)

A

-temperature
-pH
-substrate concentration
-inhibitors

19
Q

How does temperature influence enzymes

A

Increased temperature = increased activity

20
Q

What does an optimal level mean in reference to enzymes?

A

The most effective level, any higher would result in rapid declining of enzymatic activity

21
Q

How does pH impact enzyme activity

A

Increased pH = increased activity
-any higher than 7 will result in desaturation

22
Q

How does substrate concentration affect enzyme activity

A

-it is the total available active sites
-once all active sites are used up, the amount of enzyme activity would hault and stay at a certain maximum level

23
Q

How do competitive inhibitors affect enzyme activity

A

Take the place of other enzymes, by mimicking and alter activity

24
Q

Sulfanilamide

A

Mimics PABA
-leads to bacterial cell death
-cannot give in third trimester

-is a competitive inhibitor

25
Q

PABA stands for

A

Para Amino Benzoic Acid

26
Q

PABA does what

A

Creates the precursor to folic enzyme

27
Q

Folic enzyme does what

A

Precursor to DNA

28
Q

Folic enzyme is usually just

A

Taken directly from diet

29
Q

Non competitive inhibitors

A

Attach at allosteric site, change shape of active site so the enzymatic energy is stopped

30
Q

Feedback inhibition

A

End product shuts down pathway back at beginning

31
Q

What is the key enzymatic reaction taking place

A

Oxidative reduction reaction

32
Q

Oxidation

A

Getting more positive
-removal of electrons (-)
-loss of protons (+)
-dehydrogenate

33
Q

Reduction

A

Getting more negative
-gain electrons (-)
-gain protons (+)
-hydrogenation

34
Q

Hydrogenative

A

Adding hydrogen
-processed food like margarine

35
Q

Phosphorlizing formula

A

ADP + P —> ATP
(Using an enzyme)

36
Q

Substrate level of phosphorlizing

A

c-c-c-c-c-c-P + ADP —-> ATP + c-c-c-c-c-c

37
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Energy released from the transfer of electrons of one compound to another that generates ATP

38
Q

Transferring electrons would be

A

Oxidative

39
Q

Receiving new electrons would be

A

Reduction

40
Q

Photophosphorlyation

A

Using light and chlorophyll to create ATP
-not used in bacteria since there is non light

41
Q

Glycolysis

A

breakdown of glucose to pyruvate acid producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH
-same redox

42
Q

Krebs cycle

A

Produces 3 NADH and 2 FAD2H and 1 ATP

43
Q

Electron transport chain

A

Series of carrier molecules that produces 38 ATP by cheimosmosis (net 36)

44
Q

For each NADH and FADH produced how much ATP is produced

A

NADH = 3
FADH = 2

Microbiologyh (18 decks)

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