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Medical Terminology > Chapter M: Muscles And Joints > Flashcards

Chapter M: Muscles And Joints Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Buccinator

A

Located in the fleshy part of the check

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2
Q

Bucc/o

A

Cheek

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3
Q

Temporal

A

Located above and near the ear

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4
Q

Tempor/o

A

Temporal

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5
Q

Masseter

A

Located at the angle of the jaw

Raises the mandible and closes the jaw

Used when biting and chewing

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6
Q

Sternoceidomastoid

A

Extends from the sternum upward along the side of the neck to the mastoid process

Sometimes called sternomastoids

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7
Q

Stern/o

A

Sternum

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8
Q

Mastoid/o

A

Mastoid process

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9
Q

Trapezius

A

Triangular- shaped muscle that extends across the back of the shoulder, covers the back of the neck, and inserts on the clavicle and scapula

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10
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Originates from the vertebrae of the lower back, crosses the lower half of the thoracic region, and pusses between the humerus and scapula to insert on the anterior surface of the humerus

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11
Q

Dors/o

A

Back

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12
Q

pectoralis Major

A

Large, fan-shaped muscle

Crosses the upper part of the front of the chest

Originates from the sternum and crosses over to the humerus

Forms the antenor borderof the axilla (armpit)

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13
Q

Pector/o

A

Chest

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14
Q

Deltoid

A

Covers the shoulder joints

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15
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Has two heads

Both originate from the scapula and insert on the radius

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16
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Has three heads

Originate from the scapula and the humerus and insert onto the Olecranon process of the ulna (at the elbow)

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17
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Forms most of the fleshy part of the buttock

Large muscle that otters support when an individual is standing

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18
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Small muscle located above the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus Maximus muscle

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19
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Four muscles of the thigh

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20
Q

Hamstring muscles

A

Responsible for flexing the leg on the thigh and extending the thigh

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21
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Main muscle of the calf

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22
Q

tibialis anterior

A

Positioned on the front of the leg

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23
Q

Arthralgia

A

Pain the joints

Symptoms present in many joint diseases

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24
Q

Arthr/o

A

Joint

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25
Q

-Algia

A

Pain

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26
Q

Ataxia

A

Without muscular coordination

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27
Q

A-

A

Without, not

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28
Q

Tax/o

A

Order

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29
Q

-ia

A

Condition

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30
Q

Atrophy

A

Wasting away

Without development

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31
Q

Troph/o

A

Development

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32
Q

-y

A

Noun ending

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33
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Abnormally slow movement

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34
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

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35
Q
  • kinesia
A

Movement

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36
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Specialized type of muscle that forms the walls of the heart

Type of involuntary muscle

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37
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

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38
Q

-Ac

A

Pertaining to

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39
Q

Contract / contraction

A

A reduction in size, especially muscle fibers

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40
Q

Contracture

A

An abnormal bending of a joint into a fixed position

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41
Q

Dyskinesia

A

A condition in which there is impairment of voluntary movement

Bad or difficult movement

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42
Q

Dys-

A

Bad, difficult, painful, disordered

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43
Q

Kines/o

A

Movement

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44
Q

-ia

A

Condition

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45
Q

Epicondylitis

A

Painful inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

Tennis elbow

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46
Q

Epi-

A

Upon, over

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47
Q

Condyl/o

A

Condyle

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48
Q

Fascia

A

Thin sheet of fibrous connective tissue the penetrate and cover the entire muscle, holding the fibers together

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49
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

A chronic condition that is characterized by widespread muscle and pain throughout the body, muscle spasms, fatigue, and muscle stiffness

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50
Q

Fibr/o

A

Fiber

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51
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

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52
Q

hemiparesis

A

Slight or partial paralysis of one half of the body

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53
Q

Hemi-

A

Half

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54
Q

-paresis

A

Paralysis

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55
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of one half of the body

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56
Q

Insertion

A

The point of attachment of a muscle to a bone it moves

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57
Q

Involuntary muscles

A

Muscles that act without conscious control

Controlled by the autonomic nervous system and hormones

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58
Q

Muscle fibers

A

Name given to the individual muscle cell

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59
Q

Myocele

A

Herniations of muscle through the muscular sheath (fascia) surrounding it

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60
Q

-cele

A

Swelling or herniation

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61
Q

Myoparesis

A

Slight or partial paralysis of a muscle

62
Q

Origin

A

The point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that is less moveable

63
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of the lower extremities of the body

Usually one to spinal cord injuries

64
Q

Para-

A

Hear, beside, beyond, two like parts

65
Q

Pelvic girdle weakness

A

Weakness of the muscles of the pelvic girdle

Muscle that extends the hip and the knee

66
Q

Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy

A

A form of muscular dystrophy that is characterized by progressive weakness and muscle tilers degeneration without evidence of nerve improvement or degeneration of nerve tissue

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

67
Q

Pseud/o

A

False

68
Q

Hyper-

A

Excessive

69
Q

Troph/o

A

Development

70
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

71
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four extenmities and the trunk of the body

72
Q

Quadr/I

A

Four

73
Q

Sacropenia

A

Loss of skeletal muscle mass that occurs with aging

74
Q

Sarc/o

A

Flesh

75
Q

-Penia

A

Decrease in

Deficiency

76
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Muscles that attach to the bones of the skeleton

77
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Muscles sound in the walls of hollow organs and tubes

Also known as visceral muscles

Act involuntary

78
Q

Striated muscle

A

Muscles that have a striped appearance when viewed under a microscope

79
Q

Tendon

A

Strong fibrous band of tissue that extends from a muscle attaching it to the bone

80
Q

Torso

A

Trunk

81
Q

Trunk

A

Main part of the body

Also called torso

82
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Group of genetically transmitted disorders characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscles

83
Q

Polymyositis

A

Chronic, progressive disease affecting the skeletal muscles

Characterized by muscle weakness of hips and arms and degeneration (atrophy)

84
Q

Rotator cuff tear

A

A tear in the muscle that form a “cuff”’ over the upper end of the arm (head of the humerus)

85
Q

Strains

A

Injury to the body of the muscle or attachment of the tendon, resulting from over stretching, overextension, or misuse

Muscle pull

86
Q

Muscle biopsy

A

Extraction ot a specimen Of muscle tissue, through either a biopsy needle or an incisional biopsy, for the purpose of examining it under a microscope

87
Q

Electromyography

A

Process of recording the strength of a muscle when it is stimulated by an electrical current

88
Q

Electr/o

A

Electrical, electricity

89
Q

-Graphy

A

The process of recording

90
Q

IM

A

Intramuscular

91
Q

MD

A

Muscular dystrophy

92
Q

DTR

A

Deep tendon reflexes

93
Q

EMG

A

Electromyography

94
Q

Fibrous joint

A

The surfaces of the bones tit closely together and are held together by fibrous connective tissue

Suture between the skull bones

Immovable joint

95
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

Bones are connected by cartilage

As in the symphysis (joints between the pubs bones of the pelvis)

Allows limited movement

96
Q

Synovial joint

A

Bones have space between them called the joint cavity

97
Q

Hinge joints

A

Allows movement in one direction

Back-and-forth type of motion

Example would be the elbow

98
Q

Ball-and-socket joint

A

Allows movement in many directions around a central area

Examples are the shoulder joint and the hip joint

99
Q

Flexion

A

Bending motion

Decreases the angle between two bones

100
Q

Extension

A

Straightening motion

Increases the angle between tho bones

101
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a bone away from the midline of the body

102
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of a bone toward the midline Of the body

103
Q

Rotation

A

Movement that involves the turning of a bone on its own axis

104
Q

Supination

A

Act of turning the palm upon forward

105
Q

Pronation

A

Act of turning the palm down or backward

106
Q

Dorsiflexions

A

The foot narrows the angle between the leg and the top of the foot

107
Q

Plantar flexion

A

The foot increases the angle between the leg and the top of the foot

108
Q

Circumduction

A

Movement of an extremity around in a circular motion

Can be performed with a ball-and-socket joint

109
Q

Arthralgia

A

Joint pain

110
Q

articular cartilage

A

Thin layer of cartilage protecting and covering the connecting surfaces of the bones

111
Q

Articulation

A

The point at which two bones come together

A joint

112
Q

Bunion

A

Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

113
Q

Bunionectomy

A

Surgical removal of a bunion

Removing the bony overgrowth and the bursa

114
Q

Bursa

A

A small sac that contains synovial fluid for lubricating the area around the joint where friction is most likely to occur

115
Q

Burs/o

A

Bursa

116
Q

Closed manipulation

A

The manual forcing of a joint back into its original position without making an incision

Closed reduction

117
Q

Crepitation

A

Clicking or crackling sounds heard upon joint movement

118
Q

Ganglionectomy

A

Surgical removal of a ganglion

119
Q

Joint cavity

A

The space between two connecting bones

120
Q

Kyphosis

A

Humpback

121
Q

Kyph/o

A

Humpback

Pertaining to a hump

122
Q

Ligaments

A

Connective tissue bands that join bone to bone, offering support to the joint

123
Q

Malaise

A

A vague feeling of weakness

124
Q

Needle aspiration

A

The insertion of a needle into a cavity for the purpose of withdrawing fluid

125
Q

Photosensitivity

A

Increased reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight

126
Q

Sciatica

A

Inflammation of the sciatic nerve, marked by pain and tenderness along the path of the nerve through the thigh and leg

127
Q

Subluxation

A

An incomplete dislocation

128
Q

Suture

A

An immovable joint

129
Q

Synovial fluid

A

A thick lubricating fluid located in synovial joints

130
Q

Synovial membrane

A

The lining of a synovial joint cavity

131
Q

Viscous

A

Sticky

Gelatinous

132
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

Shoulder condition characterized by stiffness of the shoulder, limited shoulder movement, and pain

“Frozen shoulder”

133
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of joints

134
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Type of arthritis that affects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine

135
Q

Bunion (hallux valgus)

A

Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

136
Q

Dislocation

A

Displacement of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint

137
Q

Ganglion

A

Cystic tumor developing on a tendon

Sometimes occurring on the back of the wrist

138
Q

Gout

A

Form of acute arthritis that is most often characterizes by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe

139
Q

Herniated disk

A

Rupture of the control portion, or nucleus, of the disk through the disk wall and into the spinal cord

Herniated nucleus pulposus

140
Q

Lyme disease

A

Acute, recurrent, inflammatory infection transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick

141
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Most common form of arthritis

Results from wear tear and on the joints

Degenerative joint disease

142
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that affects multiple ants of the body

143
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus

A

Chronic inflammatory connective - tissue disease affecting the skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs, and other lungs

144
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Surgical puncture of a joint with a needle for the purpose of withdrawing fluid for analysis

145
Q

Arthrogram

A

X-ray of a joint after infection of a contrast medium

146
Q

Arthrography

A

Process of X-raying that inside of a joint after a contrast medium has been injected into the joint

147
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Surgical reconstruction of a joint

148
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Visualization of the interior of a joint by using an endoscope

149
Q

Rheumatoid factor

A

Blood test that measures the presence of unusual antibodies that develop in a number Of connective tissue diseases

150
Q

Erythrocytes sed rate

A

Blood test that measures the rate at which erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tune filled with unclotted blood

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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